算法推荐背景下网络服务提供者的侵权认定——全国首例算法推荐案评析

Infringement Determination of Network Service Providers in the Context of Algorithm Recommendation—Analysis of the First Algorithm Recommendation Case in China

全国首例算法推荐案的争议焦点是字节公司是否因利用算法推荐技术与侵权用户构成共同侵权。算法推荐服务平台“注意义务”适用的困境主要有二:其一,算法推荐服务平台和算法推荐技术之间存在“责任鸿沟”;其二,算法推荐服务平台和个人权利之间存在“利益失衡”。根据算法推荐服务平台的运作模式以及技术的运作原理分析其预防侵权和救济权利的能力,是判断能否为主体施加“更高的注意义务”的第一步。注意义务的设定要考究算法推荐服务平台的专业信息管理能力、在算法推荐运行中的干预与控制能力和其收到适格“通知后”及时制止侵权行为能力。面对传统注意义务的适用困境,还应通过对类似的司法案例进行类型化分析和总结,从主体行为和客体信息内容类型两方面重构合理注意义务的框架。

The focus of the dispute in the first algorithm recommendation case in China was whether Byte Company had committed joint infringement with infringing users by using algorithm recommendation technology.There are two main dilemmas:first,there is a“responsibility gap”between the algorithm recommendation service platform and the algorithm recommendation technology;Second,there is an“imbalance of interests”between algorithmic recommendation service platforms and individual rights.Analyzing the ability of the algorithm recommendation service platform to prevent infringement and remedy rights according to its operation mode and the operating principle of the technology is the first step in determining whether it can impose a“higher duty of care”on the subject.The setting of the duty of care should consider the professional information management capabilities of the algorithm recommendation service platform,the ability to intervene and control in the operation of algorithm recommendation,and its ability to stop infringement in a timely manner after receiving a qualified“notice”.In the face of the dilemma of the application of the traditional duty of care,the framework of the reasonable duty of care should be reconstructed from the aspects of subject behavior and object information content content by analyzing and summarizing similar judicial cases.