刑事电子数据取证的法律困境及其程序控制

The Legal Predicaments and Procedure Control of Criminal Electronic Data Forensics

刑事电子数据取证的法律适用程序面着临诸多困境,如取证措施的强制侦查与任意侦查错位、取证主体的合法性备受质疑,审批程序不完善,电子数据的取证范围宽泛,原始存储介质的一体收集模式失之武断,违法电子数据排除困难等。从程序规范化的角度出发,应当以电子数据类型化区分强制侦查与任意侦查,建立多元的电子数据取证主体制度,“自侦自批”的审批程序向司法审查转向,引入相当理由的证明标准,电子数据载体的范围限定为“证据之物”与“没收之物”,电子数据内容的范围通过关联性加以限制,并完善非法电子数据排除规则。

The legal application procedure of criminal electronic data forensics is facing many difficulties.Compulsory investigation and arbitrary investigation of evidence collection measures are misplaced,the legitimacy of the subject of evidence collection is questioned,the examination and approval procedure is not perfect,the scope of electronic data forensics is broad,the integrated collection mode of raw storage media is arbitrary,and it is difficult to eliminate illegal electronic data.From the perspective of procedure standardization,we should distinguish compulsory investigations from arbitrary investigations by electronic data typing,establish a multi-subject system of electronic data forensics,the examination and approval procedure of“self-investigation and self-examination”will shift to judicial review,introduce the standard of proof of probable cause,the scope of electronic data carrier is limited to“evidence”and“confiscation”,the scope of electronic data content is limited by relevance,and the exclusion rules of illegal electronic data are improved.