中日实录史学比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Veritable Records in China and Japan

中日两国的实录都是东亚文化圈中的特殊史书,皆针对最高统治者展开记录。中国实录始终以皇帝为记载对象。日本由于最高权力从天皇下移到幕府再回到天皇之手,其实录记载对象也随之变动,出现了既记载天皇,又记载将军的特殊情况,但是始终都以最高当权者为记载对象。在实录修纂机构上,中日皆属官方所设,性质并无二致。在修纂体例上,中日实录基本相同,多采用“编年附传”体。但是,日本实录也形成了自己的特色,如《德川实纪》分为正编和附录,就为中国实录所无。日本实录在仿照中国实录修纂之时,同时受到日本特殊政治架构和“封建”制度的影响,使其实录在记载对象和修纂体例上都形成了自己的特色,反映出东亚文化圈中史学在从中心向边缘的传播中,会出现接受和改造同时进行的情况。

The veritable record is a special style in the East Asian area,which focus on the deeds and words of supreme rulers.The,Chinese veritable records focus on emperors,while in Japan,as the supreme power was transferred from the emperors to the shogunates and back to the emperors,the objects of veritable records also changed.China and Japan set up official institutes to make veritable records.In terms of style,the Chinese and Japanese veritable records are basically the same,using the style of"biographies attached to the annals",However,Japanese veritable records have characteristics,such as Tokugawa Shiji is divided into regular and appendix.When Japanese veritable records imitate the Chinese ones,affected by political structure and the"feudal"system,they have characteristics in objects and styles,which reflects the acceptance and reform of margin from center in East Asian cultural circle.