能源人文学视阈下的石油书写研究

On the Oil Writing Research in Energy Humanities

随着新世纪能源人文学的兴起,能源书写逐渐成为人文社科领域的前沿话题,它聚焦文学文化作品中人类与能源的关系,探讨能源想象缓解社会生态危机的巨大潜力。在能源人文学视阈下考察石油想象,可以促使人们重新思考能源在生活文化中的重要性以及与社会生态问题的关联性。在一定意义上,有关石油想象的缺席与在场之争推动了石油书写研究,其梳理体现在三个方面。研究疆界上,广义上的石油书写包括所有探讨石油的文化叙事,而狭义上仅聚焦文学中的石油想象;显性书写凸显了石油冲突,而隐性书写传达了“能源无意识”影响下石油无处不在的隐性存在。研究方法上,石油书写研究从空间维度探讨石油的地方冲击或全球性影响,从时间维度考察石油史、社会发展史和环境演变史的内在联系。研究意义上,石油批评有助于理解石油塑造历史的重要作用,推动人类世环境危机的思考,为后石油时代的建构提供参考依据。鉴于石油书写是审视社会生态危机的重要文本,因此有必要从石油批评的视角重读文学经典,开展世界文学研究,促进能源人文学的跨学科研究,以此推动能源文化的重构,探讨后石油时代再栖居的可能。

With the emergence of energy humanities,energy writing is becoming a cutting-edge research topic in the field of humanities and social sciences.It is devoted to the study of the relationship between humanity and energy,and taps the immense potential of energy writing in solving such world problems as the impending depletion of fossil fuels and the Anthropocene ecological crisis.A focus on the oil writing can specifically encourage people to rethink the significance of energy in our daily life and its relevance in the eco-social crisis.To some extent,the different understandings of the absence/presence of oil writings have propelled its study,which can be illustrated in three aspects.First,the classifications of oil writings reveal two ways to understand its scope and its presence in literature.They can refer to oil narratives in the broad field of culture or only in literature.They can explicitly focus on oil-related conflicts or implicitly reveal the ubiquitous but ignored oil in the society influenced by the energy unconsciousness.Second,the temporal-spatial study of oil texts makes it possible to conduct a study of oil in the local and global context,and unfold the entangling of the oil history,the history of the society,and the world environmental history.Third,the study of oil writings proves to be valuable for humankind to reflect on the overwhelming influence of oil in the Anthropocene,and imagine a post-oil age when people can free themselves from the overreliance on fossil fuels.Therefore,given the fact that oil writings can help us rethink the ecosocial crisis,it is necessary to reread literary classics,study the world literature from the novel perspective of oil criticism and promote the interdisciplinary research in energy humanities,so as to rebuild the present energy culture and harness the potential of reinhabitation in the post-oil age.