玉米高淀粉含量育种进步与遗传效应研究

Study on Breeding Progress and Genetic Effect of High Starch Content in Maize

针对2021年国家玉米品种区域试验及2019、2020、2021年内蒙古自治区生产试验淀粉含量≥75%的品种或组合进行分析,对PH6WC×PH4CV、PH6WC×B20、PH6WC×D1279及亲本淀粉含量差异进行分析,对PH6WC×D1279组建6世代群体(P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)、B_(1)、B_(2)、F_(2)),运用主-多基因混合模型遗传分析方法对淀粉含量遗传进行分析。结果表明,我国玉米高淀粉含量育种水平进步显著,实现了高产、高淀粉含量、广适性的良好结合。F_(1)淀粉含量显著或极显著高于亲本,F_(1)超高亲优势为1.72%~2.54%。淀粉含量遗传模型为2对主基因加、显、上模型,主基因显性效应>上位性效应>加性效应,遗传率为80.58%~82.68%。

The national maize variety regional trial in 2021 and Inner Mongolia production trial in 2019,2020 and 2021 were analyzed for varieties or combinations with starch content≥75%,the difference of starch content in PH6WC×PH4CV,PH6WC×B20,PH6WC×D1279 and their parents were analyzed,and six generation popula-tion(P_(1),P_(2),F_(1),B_(1),B_(2)and F_(2))of PH6WC×D1279 was established,the genetic analysis of starch content was carried out by using the genetic analysis method of major gene polygene mixed model.The results showed that the high starch content breeding of maize in China had made great progress,and the combination of high yield,high starch content and wide adaptability was achieved.The starch content of F_(1)was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of its parents,and the super high parental heterosis of F_(1)was 1.72%-2.54%.the genetic model of starch content was two pairs of major genes additive,dominance,epistasis model,dominant effect>epistatic effect>additive effect,the heritability was 80.58%-82.68%.