基于最小数据集评价耕作方式对黑土农田土壤质量的影响

Evaluation of Tillage Practices on the Soil Quality of Black Soil Farmland Based on the Minimum Data Set

东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,其土壤质量优劣关系着国家粮食安全。本研究以吉林中部耕法定位试验为平台,对连续35年传统耕作(CT)、间隔深松(ST)、免耕(NT)及翻耕(MP)4种耕作方式下的0~20cm土壤进行土壤质量评价。选取26个涵盖土壤物理、化学、生物学性质的指标作为全量数据集,运用最小数据集法筛选指标,计算土壤质量指数,选取适合东北黑土区的耕作方式。结果表明,不同耕作方式耕层土壤质量评价最小数据集由紧实度、平均重量直径、有机质、全磷、β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶构成。不同耕作方式对土壤质量指数呈现的大小关系为ST>MP>CT>NT。由此可见,间隔深松能显著提高黑土耕层土壤质量,可作为东北春玉米农田可持续发展适宜的耕作方式。

The black soil region of Northeast China is an important grain production base for the country,and the quality of its soil is related to China's food security.In this study,the positioning experiment of tillage practices in central Jilin province was used as a platform,and the O-20 cm soil layer of four tillage methods of traditional till-age(CT),subsoiling tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT)and moldboard plowing tillage(MP)for 35 years were analyzed.Soil quality evaluation was carried out on the plough layer soil.Twenty-six indicators covering soil physical,chemical,and biological properties were selected as the full data set,and the minimum data set method was used to screen the indicators,calculate the soil quality index,and select the farming method suitable for the black soil region of North-east China.The results showed that the minimum data set for soil quality evaluation of different tillage practices con-sisted of compactness,average weight diameter,organic matter,total phosphorus,β-glucosidase,and N-acetylglu-cosaminidase.The pecking order between soil quality index of different tillage practices was:ST>MP>CT>NT.It can be seen that the subsoiling tillage can significantly improve the soil quality of the black soil plough layer,which can be used as a suitable tillage practice for the sustainable development of spring corn farmland in Northeast China.