感潮平原中心城区河道近自然生态修复技术的应用

Application of near-natural ecological restoration technology for river course in the central urban area of tidal plain

针对感潮平原中心城区河道存在往复流现象带来的水质波动、生态岸线差、生态系统稳定性不足等问题,开展以基于生物屏障技术耦合水生动植物生态系统构建为主的全面系统的近自然生态修复集成技术及示范研究。注重源头削减和末端综合治理,通过集成构建河道水质稳定技术、海绵设施生态岸线、优化水生态系统措施等技术体系,并选取上海市中心城区典型河道进行示范应用及效果跟踪。结果表明,修复后河道水质和感官效果得到了极大提升,化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷、浊度/悬浮物(SS)各均值较未处理河道水质均值分别降低约23%、41%、35%、51%/52%,5大类抗生素除了洁霉素、克林霉素和磺胺吡啶外均未检出,河道水质从在地表水IV类水质上下波动稳定达到IV类(总氮指标除外)。

Aiming at the problems such as water quality fluctuation caused by the phenomenon of reciprocating flow,poor ecological coastline and insufficient ecosystem stability in the central urban area of tidal plain,a comprehensive and systematic near-natural ecological restoration integration technology and demonstration research based on the construction of aquatic animal and plant ecosystem coupled with biological barrier technology were conducted.Focused on source reduction and comprehensive management at the end,the integration of river water quality stabilization technology,sponge facilities ecological coastline,measures to optimize water ecosystem and other technical systems was constructed,and typical rivers in the central urban area of Shanghai were selected for demonstration application and effect tracking.The results show that the water quality and sensory effect of the restored river were greatly improved,and compared with the untreated river,the average values of chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and turbidity/suspended matter(SS)decreased by about 23%,41%,35%and 51%/52%,respectively.Five kinds of antibiotics were not detected except for clindamycin,clindamycin and sulfapyridine,and the water quality of river stably reached class IV for surface water quality(except the total nitrogen index)from fluctuation around Class IV.