清嘉庆初年丰北大工合龙过程地图绘制研究

The Mapping of the Yellow River Fengbei Closure Project in Qing Dynasty's Early Jiaqing Period

丰北大工是嘉庆帝首遇的黄河堵口工程。自嘉庆元年(1796年)六月黄河漫口,至嘉庆二年正月二十七日大坝合龙,整个工程历时半年有余。漫口发生后,最初的抢修预案是堵筑漫口。嘉庆元年七月修改预案,即在漫口以南选择新坝基。历经两次蛰陷,又重新修订施工方案。嘉庆二年正月大坝终于合龙,二月进行善后工程。中国国家图书馆所藏7幅古地图,就是这次督抚丰北大工奏报的附图,形象地再现了这次大工的绘制过程。

The Fengbei Closure Project was the first large-scale project of blocking crevasses on the Yellow River dykes during the Jiaqing period,Qing dynasty.It lasted for over six months,from the breaching of the dykes in the sixth month of the first year of Jiaqing(1796)to the closure on the twenty-seventh day of the first month the next year(1797).After the dykes were breached,the initial emergency repair plan was to block the crevasse.The plan was revised the next month,and a new dyke foundation was constructed south of the crevasse.The construction plan had been revised after two collapses.After the dykes'closure,another construction was carried out the next month to cope with the aftermath.This paper presents the process of making the seven maps in the National Library of China collection,which are attachments to a memorial that local government officials reported to the emperor during the construction of the Fengbei Closure Project.