道光年间中牟大工首次合龙过程地图绘制研究

The Mapping of the First River Closure in the Yellow River Zhongmu Closure Project in Qing Dynasty's Daoguang Period

中牟大工是清廷举全国之力堵口的大型工程,是黄河治理史上的重要大事。从道光二十三年(1843年)六月黄河发生漫水至道光二十四年初合龙失利,中牟大工首次合龙过程历经五个阶段。首先在漫口之南准备修筑遥堤,次之转向裹头盘筑、工程估算、合龙备战,继之善后估算。与此相应,所绘21幅黄河古地图,再现了此次中牟大工首次合龙的具体过程,构成了一幅幅连续、动态的历史画像,为研究清代中央与地方互动提供了图像证据。这种事件史视域下的古地图研究方法,为其他主体地图研究提供了借鉴。

The Zhongmu Closure Project was a monumental endeavour undertaken by the Qing government and a significant event in the history of regulating the Yellow River.From the breaching of the dykes in the six month of the twenty-third year in the Daoguang period(1843)to the failure of the first closure in the next year(1844),the project's first river closure was carried out in five stages.In the beginning,efforts were taken to construct a distant embankment south of the crevasse.Subsequently,attention was shifted to reinforcing the dykes at the crevasse,making evaluation and budget,preparing for the closure,and giving an assessment of the aftermath.In a continuous and dynamic way,twenty-one maps record the historical process of this river closure,providing pictorial evidence for studying the interactions between the central and local governments during the Qing dynasty.Research on ancient maps from the perspective of event history will shed light on other cartographic studies.