张君劢与国立自治学院始末(1924-1927)

Zhang Junmai and the National Institute of Self-Government(1924–1927)

1922年,旅欧归国的张君劢遵循着梁启超为研究系定下的文化教育路径,投身文教界。因缘际会下承担起办学的责任,从倡办国立自治学院本身到校舍完成,继而处理校务、规划教纲、聘请教员,张君劢皆亲力亲为。自治学院独特的科系设置及课程编排在当时教育界可谓独树一帜。然而,在央地推诿和苏省议教之争下,学校办学经费时常无法保障,甚至一度引发停办风波。因应时局,张君劢放弃自治学院独具的学科特色,将国立自治学院更名为国立政治大学,科系、课程与一般法政学校无异。1927年3月,国民革命军的到来意味着新的权势转移,被列为“反动学阀”的张君劢隐姓埋名,而烙上其个人印记的国立政治大学也无奈停办。

In 1922,Zhang Junmai(Carsun Chang)returned to China from Europe and devoted himself to culture and education,following the path set by Liang Qichao for the Research Clique.He took on the responsibility of school-running,from advocating the establishment of the National Institute of Self-Government(NISG)and completing the school buildings to handling school affairs,planning the curriculum,and hiring teachers.The NISG stood out in the then educational circles for its unique setting of faculty and curriculum.However,as both the central and local governments shirked their responsibilities,and a dispute arose between the Jiangsu provincial parliament and the educational circles,the institute often received inadequate funding and even suspended its operation.Consequently,Zhang renamed the institute as the“National Institute of Political Science”;the uniqueness of the NISG was given up,so that the departments and curriculum of the new institute became no different from those of general law and political schools.The arrival of the National Revolutionary Army in March 1927 signalled a new transfer of power.Zhang,who was listed as a“reactionary scholar-tyrant”,had to remain anonymous,and the National Institute of Political Science had to be shut down.