反刍动物瘤胃真菌的功能、影响因素及应用

Functional effect,influencing factors,and applications of rumen fungi in ruminants

瘤胃是反刍动物最主要的消化器官,寄养着细菌、真菌、原虫、古生菌等多种微生物,这些瘤胃微生物菌群在反刍动物消化系统中起着重要作用。瘤胃真菌在瘤胃微生物中占比较小,且绝大多数为厌氧真菌。瘤胃真菌可以充分降解纤维物质,同时真菌还参与蛋白质和淀粉的降解过程,以提高饲料的利用率。瘤胃真菌的数量容易受硫元素、氮元素以及瘤胃内其他微生物的影响,因而从这些方面对饲粮进行调控,能够提高瘤胃内真菌的数量,从而提高反刍动物的消化能力和对饲料的利用。文章结合国内外研究进展,从瘤胃真菌特点、功能、影响因素及应用等多个方面进行综述,以期为反刍动物的健康养殖提供参考。

The rumen is the main digestive organ of ruminants,hosting various microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,protozoa and archaea.These rumen microbiota play an important role in the digestive system of ruminants.Rumen fungi account for a relatively small proportion of rumen microorganisms,and the vast majority are anaerobic fungi.Rumen fungi can fully degrade fiber substances.At the same time,fungi also participate in the degradation process of protein and starch to improve feed utilization.In addition,the number of rumen fungi is easily influenced by sulfur,nitrogen elements,and other microorganisms in the rumen.Therefore,regulating the feed can increase the number of fungi in the rumen,thereby improving the digestion ability of ruminants and the utilization of feed.The article reviews the characteristics,function influencing factors and applications of rumen fungi based on research progress both domestically and internationally,in order to provide reference for the healthy breeding of ruminants.