原油热化学两段脱水换热节能工艺研究

Research on the energy-saving technology of heat exchange used in crude oil thermochemical two-segment dehydration

原油脱水是原油处理工艺中热能消耗的主要环节之一,也是节能降耗的重要研究方向。利用脱水温度与时间的关系,进行脱水工艺散热损失计算,建立了原油热化学两段脱水能耗数学模型,分析了利用换热器回收高温原油和高温采出水热量的节能效果。结果显示:原油热化学两段脱水工艺可以简化为油气水分离优化和脱水工艺优化相对独立的两个部分;油气水分离设备规格尺寸增加时,散热损失增加,但被加热采出水量和换热损失降低,存在总热量损失最小的规格尺寸;脱水设备存在散热量最大的容积量,高温快速脱水或降低脱水温度、延长脱水时间(增加脱水设备容积)均能够降低脱水散热能耗;换热工艺可以降低脱水加热负荷50%以上,节能效果显著。

Crude oil dehydration is one of the main processes of heat energy consumption in crude oil treatment,and also an important research direction of energy-saving and consumption reduction.Using the relationship between the dehydration temperature and the time,the heat dissipation loss of the dehydration process was calculated,the mathematical model of heat consumption in crude oil thermochemical two-segment dehydration was given,and the energy-saving effect of using a heat exchanger to recover high-temperature crude oil and high-temperature produced water heat was analyzed.The result shows that the dehydration process of crude oil thermochemical two-segment dehydration can be simplified into two independent parts of oil and water separation optimization and dehydration process optimization.The specifications and size of the oil,gas and water separation equipment increase,and the heat dissipation loss increases,but the heated water volume and heat transfer loss are reduced,and the specification size with the minimum total heat loss exists.Dehydration equipment has the maximum heat dissipation volume,high temperature rapid dehydration or reduce the dehydration temperature,prolong the dehydration time(increasing the volume of dehydration equipment)can reduce the dehydration heat dissipation and energy consumption.Heat transfer process can reduce the dehydration heating load by more than 50%,and the energy saving effect is significant.