人才流动背景下的高等教育资源配置研究

The Allocation of Higher Education Resources in Response to Talent Migration

基于人口普查、教育统计等数据,文章分析了人才跨省流动背后高等教育资源配置的公平与效率问题。文章利用人才培养留存率描述人才净流动状况,论证了人才的流失或流入是地区人才供给量与经济需求量错位的结果。研究发现,2000年以来,东部和西部地区存在人才净流入,东北和中部地区存在人才净流出。各省高等教育人才培养规模是国家按照地区人口数量统筹规划的结果,以保证教育机会公平;但对于不同规模经济体的人才需求量来说,各省的培养规模存在相对过剩或不足,是其人才净流失或净流入的重要原因。目前,中国高等教育主要由省级财政负担,人才流失导致地方倾向于采取“规模优先”发展策略,仅维持较低的投入水平;而源源不断的人才流入鼓励了地方的“消极投入”策略和“搭便车”行为,投入水平低、投入力度小、教育机会少。据此,文章建议创造人才流动友好型的制度环境、向西部地区配置更多的高等教育资源以弥补其人才缺口、加大高等教育经费的转移支付力度。

Based on the data such as population census and education statistics,this paper analyzes the fairness and efficiency of higher education resource allocation in the context of large-scale cross-provincial mobility of talents.It proposes an approach to characterize net inflow of talent by the retention rates,and argues that the outflow or inflow of talent with higher education is the result of the mismatch between the scale of the talent supply and the economical demand.The study finds that there has been a net inflow of talent in the east and west and a net outflow of talent in the northeast and center since 2000.The scale of talent cultivation in each province is coordinated by the Center government based on the population to ensure the equity of educational opportunities.However,there is a relative surplus or shortage of talent for a province's economic demand,which is an important reason for the net outflow or inflow of talent in each province.In the context of higher education in China being mainly financed by the provincial government,the brain drain has led to a tendency for local government to adopt a scale-prioritized development strategy and maintain only a low level of investment,while the constant inflow of talent has encouraged local government'passive investment strategy and free-riding behavior,with a low level of investment,a low level of input,and fewer educational opportunities.The policy suggestion is to increase the provincial transfer payment of higher education funds.