财富积累、财富分配与共同富裕——基于理论、历史和政策的综合分析

Wealth Accumulation,Wealth Distribution and Common Prosperity-A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Theory,History and Policy

财富积累与财富分配始终是经济学研究的核心问题之一。近四十多年来,世界各国无论是收入差距还是财富差距均大幅度扩大,接近工业革命以来的历史最高峰。自改革开放以来,中国经济发展取得了巨大成就,财富快速积累,但贫富差距也快速扩大。党的二十大报告提出,要“规范财富积累机制”“扎实推进共同富裕”。共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求,中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。在新的历史条件下,如何进一步发挥社会主义制度优势,走好中国式现代化道路,不断完善分配制度,扎实推进共同富裕,着力缩小居民贫富差距已成了一项现实而紧迫的任务。为此,本文回顾财富积累与财富分配的学术思想史、世界主要发达经济体和中国的财富积累与家庭财富差距的历史演变过程,在此基础上就我国所面临的财富积累和分配相关问题提出政策建议。

Wealth accumulation and wealth distribution have always been the core issues of economic studies.Over the past 40 years,these issues have remained significant,when global income or wealth inequality gaps have experienced signifcant expansion and approached historical peaks.This holds true even when considering the time since the industrial revolution.Since the reform and opening up,China has made great achievements in economic development.The accumulation of wealth has increased rapidly,but the inequality between the rich and poor has also widened at an alarming pace.The 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed"regulating the mechanism of wealth accumulation".Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the Chinese path to modernization means common prosperity for everyone.Against the new historical background,this modernization has become a pressing and essential objective to fully take advantage of our socialist system and pursue a Chinese path to modernization.It's imperative to constantly improve the distribution system,steadily promote common prosperity,and narrow the wealth gap among household.Firstly,this paper reviews the academic ideological history of wealth,wealth accumulation,and wealth distribution.Secondly,this paper reviews and analyzes the historical evolution of wealth accumulation and family wealth gap in the major developed economies worldwide as well as China.Thirdly,it will propose relevant policy suggestions to address the issues related to wealth accumulation and distribution in China.