R.H.托尼与英国百年史学

R.H.Tawney and British History during the Past Century

R. H.托尼是两次世界大战期间英国知名史学家,但受20世纪中后期新史学思潮冲击和右翼史学家批判,他和他的著作逐渐淡出英国史学界,直到最近,托尼的史学遗产才重新受到重视。托尼的个人命运与英国百年史学变化相互映照,通过分析托尼所处时代和他对16、17世纪英国资本主义的批判性研究,以及英国新史学、修正派史学对托尼的抨击和21世纪新环境中托尼的“回归”,可以看出,他提出的资本主义起源问题,对下层民众生计的关注,以及所采用的宏大叙事史观和研究方法仍有学术生命力。

R.H.Tawney was a renowned British historian during the two World Wars.However,under the impact of new historical trends during the mid-to-late 20th century,and criticisms from right-wing historians,he and his works gradually faded from the memory of the British historical community,and his historical legacy only recently regained recognition and attention.Tawney's journey mirrors the evolving landscape of British history over the past century.Through studying Tawney's era and his research on British capitalism in the 16th and 17th centuries,along with the critiques of Tawney developed by the UK's New History and Revisionist History movements,as well as his resurgence in relevance in the 21st century,it becomes evident that his research is aligned with contemporary needs.His questioning of the origins of capitalism,concern regarding the livelihood of the lower classes,and grand narrative historiography and research methods continue to possess vitality,offering a source of inspiration that remains worthy of study.