中国菊科一新归化属——软金菀属

Bradburia(Asteraceae):A Newly Naturalized Genus in China

文章报道了发现于南昌的中国菊科植物一新归化属种——软金菀属(Bradburia Torr.&A.Gray)和柔毛软金菀(新拟)[B.pilosa(Nutt.) Semple]。基于核基因(ITS)构建的系统发育树确定了软金菀属的系统发育位置,即与金菀属[Chrysopsis(Nuttall) Elliot]互为近缘属。与金菀属相比,该属的主要特征为茎具柔毛或糙毛,基生叶具柄或近无柄,头状花序单生。柔毛软金菀与该属其他种相比,主要特征为植株密被柔毛,基生叶宿存且近无柄,舌状花和管状花均具2层冠毛且内层冠毛的长度是外层冠毛的5~10倍。该种最初于2015年在南昌市昌北机场出现,可能由临时经停此处的北美一航班携带而来,2022年底已经扩散到15 km外的经济技术开发区,呈现明显入侵态势。

A newly naturalized genus Bradburia Torr.&A.Gray and a newly naturalized species B.pilosa(Nutt.)Semple found in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province were both reported in China.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on nuclear gene(ITS)had determined the phylogenetic position of Bradburia,which is closely related to Chrysopsis(Nuttall)Elliot.Compared to Chrysopsis,Bradburia was recognized by its stems with pilose or hispid,basal leaves petiolate and nearly sessile and capitulum borne singly.Compared to other species of the genus,B.pilosa was recognized by its densely pilose,basal leaves persistent and nearly sessile,ray-florets and disc-florets had distinct pappi in 2 series,and the length of the inner was 5-10 times that of the outer.This species originally appeared at Changbei Airport in Nanchang in 2015 and might be brought by an unscheduled plane from a North American flight.By the end of 2022,it had spread to the economic and technological development zone 15 kilometers away,showing a significant invasion tendency.