养老服务补贴研究:补需方比补供方更好吗?

The Impact of Different Government Subsidy Models on the Elderly Care Service Market

中国已进入人口老龄化社会,为加快养老服务业发展,政府积极推动养老服务补贴政策。养老服务补贴根据对象不同可分为两类,供方补贴面向养老服务机构,需方补贴面向养老服务对象。本文选择由一个养老服务机构和两种类型的养老服务消费者组成的养老服务市场为研究对象,讨论并比较了不同的财政补贴方式对养老服务定价、市场需求量和养老服务机构收益的影响。结果表明:供方补贴在充分激发养老服务市场活力方面显著优于需方补贴,缺点是政府财政支出偏高;需方补贴在提高经济困难的老年群体购买力上效果强于供方补贴,但可能损害其他消费者的利益;混合补贴可以减轻政府财政压力,通过选择合适的补贴系数,能够同时改善处在不同经济水平的养老服务消费者的境况。

In order to cope with the aging population,the government issue a series of policies,and the pension service subsidy is of great significance to stimulate the vitality of the pension service market,improve the effective supply of elderly care services and release the potential of pension service consumption.The Chinese government launch different types of subsidy programs,which can be divided into supplier subsidies(S)and demander subsidies(D)according to the subject.Starting from the profit function of pension institutions,institutional income and government financial benefit under different subsidy modes are studied.A simple model is constructed,and the consumers are divided into(1)sensitive consumers and(2)ordinary consumers.First,the income of institutions without subsidy(N)is calculated,and then the income of institutions under mode(S)and mode(D)is calculated respectively.and the respective results are compared to obtain the impact of different financial subsidy modes on pension service pricing,market demand and pension in-stitution income.Finally,the interaction among gove rnment,institutions and consumers under mixed sub-sidy(H)is studied.The results show that supply-side subsidies are significantly better than demand-side subsidies in fully stimulating the vitality of the elderly care service market.The disadvantage is that the government's fiscal expenditure is too high.Demand-side subsidies are more effective than supply-side subsidies in in-creasing the purchasing power of the elderly in financial difficulties,but they may harm the interests of other consumers.Mixed subsidies can alleviate the government's financial pressure,and by choosing ap-propriate subsidy coefficients,it can simultaneously improve the conditions of elderly service consumers with different economic levels.The parameter data in the example analysis are reliable.The actual purpose of the study is to improve the operating conditions of pension institutions and reduce the financial pressure of the government.The research results provide suggestions for the effective subsidy of the government and scientific decision-making of institutions.