他比她更健康?生育-就业生命历程对中国中老年人健康的影响

He is Healthier? The Effects of the Parity-employment Life Course Trajectory on the Health of Mid-aged and Older Adults in China

在实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略和健康中国战略的背景下,从个体经历的生育-就业生命历程的角度理解中老年人的健康差异有利于完善全方位全周期健康服务政策。使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据和序列分析方法,分性别构建个体的生育-就业生命历程轨迹类型,识别出两性共有的7种轨迹类型以及男性独有的“未婚未育、工作型”和女性独有的“1次生育、不工作型”轨迹。随着出生队列的推移,生育1次或2次的轨迹类型占比不断提高,生育3次及以上的轨迹类型占比不断下降,同时,更晚出生的女性中提早不工作的轨迹类型占比更高。分析不同类型生育-就业生命历程轨迹对中老年时期健康的影响发现,生育次数的增加仅对女性中老年时期的健康产生负面影响,提早不工作则对两性健康都不利。

China has recently implemented strategies of actively addressing population ageing and healthy China.In this context,understanding the health disparities among mid-aged and older adults from the life course perspective improves lifelong health service policies.Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)and sequence analysis,this study constructs parityemployment trajectories.Seven trajectories are identified for both men and women,as well as a malespecific trajectory of remaining unmarried and childless while working,and a female-specific trajectory of giving birth to one child and leaving the workforce early.Among younger birth cohorts,more individuals have only one or two children,while fewer have three or more children.Moreover,a higher proportion of women leaving the workforce early is found among younger cohorts.Further analysis shows that an increase in the number of births has a negative effect on the health of mid-aged and older women while leaving the workforce early is detrimental to the health of both men and women.