超时加班与劳动收入份额:基于卫星夜间灯光的经验证据

Overtime Work and Labor Income Share:Empirical Evidence Based on Satellite Night Light

超时加班是当前常见的劳动现象。超时加班如何影响劳动收入份额?这方面的经验证据有助于理解中国劳动收入分配现状。然而,超时加班的指标构建存在瓶颈,限制了大样本证据的获取。本文基于日度频率的卫星夜间灯光数据,构建了企业超时加班指标。研究结果表明,超时加班程度显著降低了劳动收入份额。进一步分析发现,劳动收入份额与超时加班的倒挂关系主要出现在竞争程度较低的行业、法制环境较差的地区以及非国有企业中。此外,劳动力流动性、媒体关注以及企业社会责任信息披露有助于改善超时加班与劳动收入份额的倒挂关系。本文立足于中国当前时代背景拓展了劳动收入份额的相关研究,对于扎实推进共同富裕具有一定的政策启示。

Overtime work is a common labor phenomenon among Chinese firms.How does overtime work influence labor income share?Empirical evidence of such question is helpful to understand the current situation of income distribution in China,and has important implications for formulating government policies for common prosperity.However,the challenges in constructing a good proxy of overtime work limit the acquisition of empirical evidence from large sample.Based on dailyfrequency satellite night light data,we proxy the degree of overtime work at the firm level.Our empirical results show that the degree of overtime work decreases labor income share.Such effect occurs mainly in industries with lower competition,regions with inferior legal environment,and nonstate-owned enterprises.We also find that labor liquidity,media coverage and corporate social responsibility reporting alleviate the inverted relationship between overtime work and labor income share.Our paper sheds lights on the research of labor income share in China,and has policy implications for promoting common prosperity.