区域经济一体化的早期实践:改革开放初期上海经济区概念的提出与演变过程探析

Early Practices of Regional Economic Integration:Analysis of the Concept and Evolution of Shanghai Economic Zone in the Early Stage of Reform and Opening Up

地区之间实现经济一体化,指的是区域范围内要素自由流动,构成有效的产业分工,进而形成机制灵活、分工明确的有机经济体。20世纪80年代,在中央政府的推动下,上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建等五省一市建立上海经济区,目的在于解决长三角及周边地区长期形成的区域壁垒、同质竞争等问题,增强城市之间的分工协作。从1982年至1988年,上海经济区范围不断扩大,依照“内联外挤”的方针,在产业协作、要素流动、资源配置等方面取得了较大进展,但未能根本解决地区之间各自为政、结构雷同等矛盾。从上海经济区的探索过程可以看到,长三角率先建设并形成区域一体化市场,需要聚焦市场主体关切,推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合,促进营商环境迈向更高水平。回顾上海经济区的发展历程及其经验问题,有助于我们更好地了解区域经济一体化的实际作用与障碍因素,为今后的一体化实践、实现长三角地区经济与社会的高质量发展提供借鉴。

The realization of economic integration between areas refers to the free flow of factors within a region to form an effective industrial division of labor,thereby forming an organic economy with flexible mechanisms and clear division of labor.In the 1980s,with the promotion of the central government,five provinces and one city,including Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Jiangxi,and Fujian,jointly established the"Shanghai Economic Zone"to address the long-standing regional barriers,homogeneous competition,and other issues in the Yangtze River Delta and surrounding areas,and enhance the division of labor and collaboration between cities.From 1982 to 1988,the scope of the Shanghai Economic Zone had continued to expand,and in accordance with the policy of"internal linkage and drawing closer",significant progress had been made in industrial cooperation,factor flow,resource allocation,and other aspects.However,it failed to fundamentally resolve the contradictions between areas such as fragmentation and structural similarity.The Yangtze River Delta took the lead in building and forming a regional integrated market during the exploration of Shanghai Economic Zone.It necessitated the focus on the concerns of market entities,enhancement of closer collaboration between effective markets and promising governments,and the promotion of a friendlier business environment.A review of the development process and experience of the Shanghai Economic Zone will help us better understand the practical role and development obstacles of regional economic integration,and provide reference for future integration practices and high-quality economic and social development in the Yangtze River Delta region.