康德的空间概念——基本意蕴及对解读《纯粹理性批判》的重要性

Kant's Concept of Space:Fundamental Meaning and Significance for the Interpretation of Critique of Pure Reason

康德研究中的一种标准观点认为,“康德的空间不是概念,只是表象”的理解是错的。康德接受其前辈的概念分类和概念分析方法,把空间视为与知性纯粹概念或范畴并列的直观性的所予概念,协同标记构成空间概念的分概念(标记或内容)。空间概念是直观的形式和感性认识的原理。本文联系空间概念重构了形而上学阐明之第一阐明的证明结构,分析了范畴的先验演绎的双重目的,由此表明其在解读《纯粹理性批判》中的重要性。马堡学派、概念论者和海德格尔因未看到空间概念的直观性的所予本性,对《纯粹理性批判》作出了误读。

According to a standard account shared by many Kantian scholars,it is incorrect to conceive Kantian space as a mere representation rather than as a concept as well.Inheriting a classification and analysis of concepts from his predecessor,however,Kant regarded space as an intuitive and given concept,whose conceptual content consists of coordinate marks and which thereby stand in sharp contrast with pure concepts of understanding or categories,whose conceptual content consist of subordinate marks.Simply put,Kant's concept of space is both a form of intuition and a principle for sensitive cognition.With a focus upon this central concept,I will reconstruct the argumentative structure for the first exposition in Kant's"Metaphysical exposition of Space"and distinguish the double goals of his"Transcendental Deduction of Pure Concepts of Understanding":In this manner,the significance of Kant's concept of space for interpreting Critique of Pure Reason will be brought to light.Moreover,it will also be proved that not only the Marburg school but also the conceptualists as well as Heidegger ignored the intuitive nature of Kant's concept of space and consequently fell prey to severe misinterpretations of the first Critique without exception.