就业技能与职业分化——农民工就业质量的差异及其社会后果

Employment Skills and Occupational Differentiation:Differences in the Quality of Employment of Migrant Workers and Its Social Consequences

本文重点讨论我国经济社会转型背景下农民工就业质量高度异质性背后的影响因素。分析发现,农民工就业质量的高度分化可以从农民工劳动技能的结构性变化、行业间技能偏向型技术进步的差异化特征、新职业新业态所带来的职业高度分化等角度予以解释。在行业技术升级和新职业规模扩大的背景下,有效提高中低技能农民工的就业质量,对于促进我国在新阶段实现高质量发展和持续扩大中等收入群体具有重要意义。

This article focuses on the specific process and internal mechanism of bankruptcy of danwei enterprises at the early stage of reform when the market mechanism and legal system were not sound and the property rights of enterprises were vague.Itfinds that the initial enterprise bankruptcy was the result of the state's overburdening and"shaking off the burden"with the help of the market competition discourse,which was a selective marketization;the market at that time was not only a set of concepts of the law of fair competition,but also a means of the state's risk-avoidance and promotion of reforms;after bankruptcy,the discourse of ownership,"workers are the owners of the enterprise",was the basis for workers to emphasize their identity and property rights.The government-enterprise relationship,the work-enterprise relationship and its dynamic evolutionary process in the transition shaped the unique logic of defining property rights in enterprises.