视角转换:第谷天堡及其三重空间意义的重新发现

Perspective Transformation:The Rediscovery of Tycho's Uraniborg and Its Three Spatial Meanings

第谷天堡与天文学革命密切相关,却成为科学史叙事的“边缘”。19世纪末以来,天堡被德伊尔等学者重新发现,三重空间意义逐渐凸显。一为科学实践空间。索伦等人重现了天堡的空间布局与观测仪器,体现出第谷的经验主义哲学转向。二为新旧交替的制度创新空间。克里斯蒂安森等人指出,天堡尽管脱胎于中世纪修道院,却成为王权支持下的“国家科学院”,形成了以精确科学为纲领的新科学共同体。三为艺术修辞赋予的神圣空间。天堡既有南欧的维特鲁威主义艺术风格,又与北欧的圣瓦西里大教堂同源,为科学革命的多源性留下想象空间。天堡负载的多重意义体现着科学与人文的统一。随着编史学视角的转换,天堡研究由隐及显、愈加丰富,为“边缘”地带的科学史研究提供了诸多启发。

Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg was closely related to the modern astronomical revolution which was disappeared and forgotten as the“fringe area”of the history of science for a long time.Since the end of the 19th century,Uraniborg has been rediscovered by Dreyer and other scholars,and the triple spatial significances have gradually been highlighted.First is the scientific practice space,reflecting the empirical philosophical shift of Tycho.Second is the space for institutional innovation,where Uraniborg became the former of“National Academy”,while forming a new scientific community based on the precise science.Third is the art space endowed by the artistic rhetoric,with not only a Renaissance Vitruvianism style,but also the local characteristics of northern Europe as the same origin of Saint Basil's Cathedral,leaving imagination space for the multi-sources of the scientific revolution.With the transformation of historiography perspectives,Uraniborg researches have gradually provided more outcomes and has a lot of inspirations for the history of science in the“fringe area”.