笔谈:遗产活态保护传承与乡村可持续发展

Discussion:Living Protection and Inheritance of Heritage and Sustainable Development of Rural Areas

扎实推进乡村文化遗产的研究与活化再利用是乡村振兴的题中应有之义。传统村落保护利用的重要任务,就是挖掘、保护蕴藏其中的优秀文化基因,并积极地在当代和未来的乡村建设中加以弘扬传承、转化发展。对于乡村遗产,要坚持“活态”继承,让优秀的传统文化价值得到保护的同时促进乡村与时俱进的发展,使其成长在历史延长线上。乡村产业遗产的活化再利用需要紧密结合其在地特征,以保护遗产价值为核心,以增加当地人的福祉为目标,采取整体性、适应性和活态性的营建策略。乡村建筑遗产“活态保护”的核心在于,从遗产的历史中汲取走向未来的智慧,同时结合当下的需求和发展,以开放的态度赋予遗产当代的意义与价值,在延续历史的同时,不断向前创造新的历史。对农业文化遗产进行深入挖掘与传承,可为乡村社区的文化建构提供有益的借鉴,在传承传统文化、推动农业发展、促进农民增收等方面发挥重要作用。乡村遗产的文化体验应当是呈现活态文化、促进主体间的互动,激发社区的文化自觉,提升访客的情景学习。在社区与访客的主体互动之中,多维度体验历史文化、加强地方认同、提升教育品质。遵循乡村遗产服务于乡村社会经济发展的客观要求,应采取还民艺于市场、村民参与村落文化遗产资源保护与利用、设计与品牌引领等策略。乡村非遗活态保护旨在开辟一条以乡村文化传承助推社区发展、以社区发展葆育文化传统的新路径。在乡村全面振兴和社会结构转型的宏观畛域下,乡村遗产保护实践要与地方发展相结合,以地方的可持续发展作为遗产保护的目标。

Promoting research and adaptive reuse of rural cultural heritage is essential in the subject of rural revitalization.The protection and utilization of traditional villages have a vital task to excavate and protect outstanding cultural genes,and then inherit with promotion and develop with transformation actively in current and prospective rural construction.We should adhere to the prin-ciple of“living inheritance”for valuable rural heritage,which allows us to protect the value of traditional culture while advancing rural areas with the times,keeping their growth along their historical trajectory.The adaptive reuse of rural industrial heritage requires close integration with local characteristics,with a focus on heritage value protection,a goal of local people's well-being improve-ment,and a holistic,adaptive,and dynamic construction strategy.The core of“living protection”of rural architectural heritage lies in drawing wisdom from heritage for future progress and giving heritage contemporary significance and value with an open mind according to current requirements and development,which allows it to evolve while extending its historical essence.The thorough excavation and inheritance of agricultural heritage provide insights into the cultural construction of rural communities,playing an im-portant role in carrying forward traditional culture,promoting agricultural development,increasing farmers'income,and so on.The cultural experience of rural heritage presents the living culture and promotes intersubjective interaction,functioning in education that stimulates communities'cultural self-awareness and enhances visitors'situational learning.Comparing and summarizing existing experiential models of open-air museums and ecomuseum,we can explore a practical“middle ground approach”in alignment with the development needs of rural revitalization.Following the objective need of serving rural socio-economic development through rural cultural heritage,we should adopt strategies such as reintroducing folk art to the market,involving villagers in resource protection and utilization of rural cultural heritage,and orienting with design and brands.The living protection of intangible cultural heritage aims to chart a new path,which promotes community development through rural cultural inheritance and promotes cultural traditions through community development.In the macro context of comprehensive rural revitalization and social structural transformation,we should integrate the practice of cultural heritage protection with local development,targeting the sustainable development of rural areas.