留学生流动视角下中国跨境人才培养的时空演化研究

Spatiotemporal evolution of China's cross-border talent cultivation from the perspective of international student flow

在加快建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地的战略背景下,人才的培养与流动成为政府和学界关注的热点议题。基于来华留学生及中国留学生流动数据,构建跨境人才培养依赖关系判定模型,对留学生流动视角下中国跨境人才培养的时空格局演化进行研究,主要结论:①中国出国留学人员增长率在快速放缓,中国留学生全球流动的空间集聚态势在不断强化,高度集聚在北美、西欧、东亚和澳大利亚四大区域;②来华留学生增长率呈逐渐放缓的趋势,来源地格局具有地理邻近的特点,呈现高度的空间集聚性,主要集中在东亚、东南亚、南亚和中亚等中国周边地区,同时撒哈拉以南的东非和西非地区的来华留学生呈逐渐增多态势,来华留学生来源地在空间范围上得到明显拓展;③中国与各国跨境人才培养关系从以对称依赖为主的局面转变为以负向依赖为主的局面,其中正向依赖区主要集中在北美和西欧地区,数量不断减少,负向依赖区从东南亚和东亚地区快速扩展至中亚、南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区,数量不断增多且增长较快。

In order to seize the commanding heights in the new round of technological and industrial revolution,the competition for talents is becoming increasingly fierce.Talents who master international rules and have the ability to communicate across cultures have become the focus of competition among countries.In the process of opening up and promoting the construction of the Belt and Road,China's demand for international talents has risen sharply.Sending students to study abroad is the best way for countries to cultivate international talents.Under the strategic background of accelerating the construction of the world's important talent center,the cultivation and flow of talents has become the focus and frontier of the government and academia.Based on the flow data of international students,this paper constructs a judgment model for the dependence of cross-border talent cultivation,and studies the spatiotemporal evolution of China's cross-border talent cultivation from the perspective of international student flow.The results show that:(1)The growth rate of Chinese students studying abroad is rapidly slowing down,and the spatial agglomeration trend of the global flow of Chinese students is constantly strengthening,mainly concentrated in the four major regions of North America,Western Europe,East Asia and Australia.(2)The growth rate of international students to China is gradually slowing down,and the sources of international students in China are primarily based on geographical proximity,with a high degree of spatial agglomeration,mainly concentrated in the surrounding areas of China such as East Asia,Southeast Asia,South Asia and Central Asia.At the same time,the number of international students from sub-Saharan Africa has gradually increased,and the source of international students in China has been significantly expanded in spatial scope.(3)The cross-border talent cultivation relationship between China and other countries has shifted from a situation dominated by symmetric dependence to a situation dominated by negative dependence.The positive dependence areas are steadily decreasing,mainly concentrated in North America and Western Europe,while the negative dependence areas are growing rapidly,gradually expanding from Southeast Asia and East Asia to Central Asia,South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.This study enriches and expands on the theoretical and methodological integration of talent geography.