仪式变革与合法性建构——以曲阜祭孔仪式的恢复(1978—1988)为例

Ritual Reform and Legitimacy Building:The Return of Ceremonies Honoring Confucius in Qufu(1978-1988)

祭孔仪式是传统时代最具影响力的政治仪式之一,其在新中国的复办始于20世纪80年代的“孔子诞辰故里游”。这一活动是曲阜县政府在中央“以经济建设为中心”的顶层设计引导下,挖掘自身特色资源,为经济发展服务的重要举措。曲阜县政府通过与孔子后裔、儒学学者和海内外客商的互动,将种种经济要素纳入祭孔仪式,显著提升了经济实绩,其党政官员也由此获得了晋升。本研究通过曲阜祭孔仪式复办的个案,揭示改革开放初期中国政治系统中的一个关键过程:中央确立的绩效合法性逻辑如何传导至基层,以及处于接点部位的县域政府如何通过诸如传统政治仪式的“现代化改编”等创新治理行为予以落实并得到积极反馈。

During 1980s,the ceremony honoring Confucius,one of the most significant political rituals in traditional period,revived in People’s Republic of China from a tourist program named“Travel to Confucius’s hometown on his birthday”.This program is an important measure of exploiting unique resources for local development initiated by Government of Qufu County that had been encouraged by the state strategy,“Make Economic Construction a Central Task”.The county government gradually introduced economic elements into that ritual while interacting with descendants of Confucius,scholars in Confucianism as well as tourists and businessmen at home and abroad,which remarkably contributed to its economic performance and further the promotion of party and government leaders involved.Based on the return of ceremonies honoring Confucius in Qufu,this study illustrated a key process of China’s political system in the early period of Reform and Openingup:How the logic of performance legitimacy was delivered from the central to grassroots,and how county governments at the junction turned it into practice and produced positive responses through innovative governance moves like“modernized adaptation”of a traditional political ritual.