中国式现代化背景下的社会学发展

Sociological Developments in the Context of Chinese Modernization

在世界百年未有之大变局中,科技革命加速发展,国际力量深刻调整,为我国发展带来了新的战略机遇。因此,梳理中国式现代化与西方式现代化之间的区别具有重大意义。本文认为中西方现代化道路差异的核心在于金融资本主义和工业社会主义之争。美国视市场经济为价值理性,发展到以新自由主义为意识形态的金融资本主义阶段;中国坚持发展主义,为实现中华民族伟大复兴,将市场经济视为工具理性,妥善处理市场和社会的关系。本文通过中国和西方社会结构对比和历史对比,将工业资本主义、金融资本主义和工业社会主义作为理想类型,用以分析中美社会。置身于全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新时期,中国社会学需要回应中国社会的真问题,具备时代性和国际视野。最后,本文提出中国式现代化背景下值得关注的社会学议题。

In the context of an unprecedented global transformation spanning a century,accompanied by rapid technological advancements and profound shifts in international power dynamics,new strategic opportunities have emerged for China’s development.Therefore,it holds immense significance to analyze the disparities between Chinese modernization and Western modernization.This paper argues that the fundamental contrast in modernization trajectories between China and the West stems from the contest between financial capitalism and industrial socialism.The United States regards the market economy as a manifestation of value rationality,evolving towards a financial capitalism driven by the ideology of neoliberalism.On the other hand,China,steadfast in its developmental approach to achieve the resurgence of the Chinese nation,views the market economy as a tool of instrumental rationality,skillfully managing the relationship between the market and society.Through a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western social structures and historical perspectives,this paper employs the concepts of industrial capitalism,financial capitalism,and industrial socialism as archetypes to analyze Chinese and American societies.Positioned within a new era of comprehensive socialist modernization,Chinese sociology must address the authentic challenges of Chinese society.Simultaneously,it must embody contemporaneity and an international perspective.In conclusion,this paper underscores sociological themes particularly pertinent in the context of Chinese modernization.