载人飞船返回舱外测高精度弹道计算与落点预报

Precision Trajectory Calculation and Landing Point Forecast of External Height Measurement on Manned Spacecraft Re⁃entry Capsule

针对返回舱再入返回过程中外测弹道计算精度低、稳定性差的问题,仿真分析比较了单点定位、滤波方法和动态滑窗处理等多种外弹道计算方法的精度,提出了一种弹道加权融合计算的实时自动弹道优选方法。结果表明:动态滑窗处理方法精度最高,实时自动弹道优选方法可全程获取多测元跟踪条件下的最优弹道;返回舱外测弹道计算精度和稳定性有明显提高,外测弹道落点预报精度可达到百米量级,着陆时间偏差在1 min以内。

In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and poor stability of external trajectory cal-culation in the process of re-entry module,the accuracy of many exterior trajectory calculation meth-ods such as single point positioning,filtering method and dynamic sliding window are simulated and compared.a real-time automatic trajectory optimization method based on trajectory weighted fusion calculation is proposed.The results show that the dynamic sliding window processing method has the highest accuracy,and the real-time automatic trajectory method can obtain the optimal trajectory un-der the condition of multi-element tracking;The calculation accuracy and stability of the exterior trajectory of the re-entry module have been obviously improved,the prediction accuracy of return cabin landing point can reach the order of 100 meters,and the deviation of landing time is within 1 min.