生态产业化与乡村振兴作用机制及区域实践--以陕西洋县为例

Mechanism and regional practice of ecological industrialization and rural revitalization:A case study from Yangxian county,Shaanxi province

乡村地区生态资源丰富,乡村振兴和生态文明战略叠加背景下的生态产业已经成为乡村地区新兴产业和乡村振兴的新动能。本文梳理了中国生态环境政策的演化过程,从生态系统与人类社会、生态产品与经济发展、生态产业化与乡村振兴角度系统阐述了生态产业化发展与区域乡村振兴的作用途径及促进机制,并以陕西洋县为例,探讨了依托区域生态资源,发展现代有机产业,实现脱贫和乡村振兴的模式与路径。结果表明,中国生态环境政策主要经历了重经济轻环保、环境保护与科学发展、生态文明建设等阶段。自然生态系统与人类社会福祉体现为社会经济发展需求和人类利用自然的主观能动性,生态产品促进经济发展的关键是以效益为核心的“自然—生态—社会—经济”驱动体,生态产业化与乡村振兴的核心在于“人—地—业—权”保障机制。有机化是生态产业化发展的典型模式和重要方向,陕西洋县“产品—产业—产区”的有机化发展范式,促进了从业人员从“单主体经营”转向“多主体运营”,土地利用方式从“资源优化配置”转向“人地关系协调”。未来汉江流域现代有机农业与乡村振兴样板建设的重点在于有机产品“提质增产”、有机产业“融合增值”和有机产区“降耗增效”,促进生态保护与社会经济的耦合发展。

Rural area has abundant ecological resources.Ecological industrialization has become the emerging trends in rural areas and the new driving forces for rural revitalization.This study summarized the evolution of China's ecological environmental policies,and clarified the promotion mechanisms of regional ecological industrialization development to rural revitalization from the perspectives of ecosystem and human society,ecological products and economic development,ecological industrialization and rural revitalization,and discussed the models and pathways of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization by developing modern organic industry based on the regional ecological resources from the case study of Yangxian county in southern Shaanxi province.Three stages of China's ecological environmental policies were summarized,including"Focus on economy and light on environmental protection","Environmental protection and scientific development"and"ecological civilization construction".Relationship between natural ecosystem and human social welfare reflects the objective needs of social and economic development and subjective initiative of human utilization of nature.The crucial ecological products and economic development was the engine of"nature-ecology-society-economy"in the core of benefits.The core of ecological industrialization and rural revitalization is the guarantee mechanism of"human-land-industryright".Organic industry development is the typical model and important direction of ecological industrialization.In Yangxian county,the organic production paradigm of"product-industryproduction area"promotes the transformation of organic practitioners from single subject management to multi-agent operation,and the transformation of land use type from resource optimal allocation to man-land coordination.In the future,coupling of ecological protection and socio-economic development can be realized by the model construction of modern organic agriculture and rural revitalization in Hanjiang River basin from the aspects of improving organic products quality and yield,enhancing organic industrial integration and value,reducing consumption and increasing efficiency in production areas.