长三角集装箱港口直接腹地与间接腹地的识别与演化

Local hinterland and distant hinterland:Evidence from container ports regionalization in Yangtze River Delta

全球化和集装箱化强化了海港与内陆地区的联系,争夺港口间接腹地而不仅限于直接腹地成为港口区域化阶段提升港口竞争力的重要路径之一。基于场强模型和班轮联系数据,分别识别出2006年、2012年和2019年长三角地区主要集装箱港口的直接腹地、垄断性间接腹地和竞争性间接腹地的范围并分析其演化过程,总结了港口区域化阶段下腹地演化的特征。研究表明:①直接腹地仍是长三角集装箱港口争夺的重心之一。研究期内直接腹地的扩张和收缩主要发生在上海港、宁波舟山港、南京港等附近,腹地扩张方向与重要交通干道高度耦合。②捕获垄断性间接腹地是枢纽海港推进港口区域化发展的重要举措之一,且上海港和宁波舟山港呈现出差异化的腹地格局。上海港基于江海联运将长江沿线集装箱内陆港口的直接腹地转化为其广阔分布的垄断性间接腹地。宁波舟山港缺少内陆港口喂给,基于浙江省的制造业优势,在省内形成有限的垄断性间接腹地。③分布广阔且争夺激烈的竞争性间接腹地是港口区域化阶段的主要表现之一。竞争性间接腹地集中在安徽省中南部和浙江省西南角,且呈先减小后扩张的趋势。本文尝试构建了港口区域化阶段集装箱港口的腹地体系,探索了定量刻画枢纽海港间接腹地的新方法,为从集装箱港口腹地演化来认知港口区域化的复杂性提供了借鉴。

Globalization and containerization have strengthened the connection between seaports and inland areas.Competing for the distant hinterland of ports,instead of being limited to the local hinterland,has become one of the vital paths to enhance port competitiveness under port regionalization.This study uses the weighted field strength model and liner contact data to simultaneously identify and analyze the evolution processes of the local hinterland,monopolistic distant hinterland,and competitive distant hinterland of 10 main container ports in the Yangtze River Delta in 2006,2012,and 2019.The research findings show the characteristics of the port hinterland in the port regionalization stage as follows:(1)The local hinterland is still one of the focus points of the container inland port and seaport competition.During the study period,the expansion and contraction of the local hinterland of container ports in the Yangtze River Delta mainly occurred near Shanghai Port,NingboZhoushan Port,and Nanjing Port.The expansion of the local hinterland is highly coupled with the main traffic arteries.(2)Monopoly distant hinterland is a foothold for hub seaports to promote port regionalization,and Shanghai Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port present differentiated monopoly distant hinterland characteristics.Shanghai Port has transformed the local hinterland of container ports along the Yangtze River into its monopoly distant hinterland through river-sea combined transportation,which is widely distributed along the Yangtze River.Ningbo-Zhoushan Port lacks inland water ports to feed.Based on the manufacturing advantages of Zhejiang province,it chose to expand the local hinterland of Wenzhou Port into a monopoly distant hinterland,which has a limited range.(3)Competitive distant hinterland with wide distribution and fierce competition is one of the manifestations of port regionalization.The competitive distant hinterland of hub seaports is concentrated in the central and southern Anhui province and the southwestern corner of Zhejiang,which shows a trend of narrowing first and then expanding.This study attempts to reveal the hinterland system of container ports under the background of port regionalization,proposes a new method to characterize the distant hinterland of hub seaports quantitatively,and provides a reference for understanding the complexity of port regionalization.