破除数的形而上学迷雾,追寻数的哲学人类学意义

Breaking through the Metaphysical Fog of Numbers and Pursuing the Philosophical⁃Anthropological Meaning of Numbers

数,只对有生命存在者有效,但只有人才会将数变成数字,并依照数字去思考和行动,也只有人才探讨数的哲学性质及其人类学意义。数具有鲜明的本体论含义,如果不能将数还原到本体的位置上,便不可能彻底理解所谓的数字劳动和数字经济。数是数字的本体,数字是数的表象和概念;数乃是相关于理性的规范化形式,当人们用数去指称有理性事物自身时,分明是在澄明和指示那个无法具象化和表象化的理性;数是从出于那个作为始点的事物的展开方式和逻辑,数本身虽然不是本体但却是本体性的,是本体展开自己为他物又回归自己的初始性力量、要素、环节和道路,数未必一定表现为具体的数字,如“心中有数”,也可以指称即制度、限度、规矩、道路,“心中有数”就是对制度和限度的感悟、体验和把握。一如对数的研究需要现象学和伦理学那样,对数字劳动和数字经济的研究也必须充分运用现象学和伦理学这两种致思范式,前者旨在见出事实逻辑,亦即它们是如何可能的,后者给出的是价值诉求,亦即它们如何是应当的。

Numbers are only valid for living beings,but human beings are the only entities that can turn numbers into numerals,and think and act according to numerals;they are also the only entities that can explore the philosophical nature of numbers and their anthropological significance.Numbers have distinct ontological meanings;if numbers cannot be re⁃stored to their ontological positions,it is impossible to thoroughly understand the so⁃called digital labor and digital econo⁃my.Number is the ontology of numerals,and numerals are the appearance and concepts of number;Number is a normal⁃ized form of reason,and when people use numbers to refer to rational things themselves,they are clearly clarifying and indi⁃cating the reason that cannot be embodied and manifested;number is the way and logic of the unfolding of things that are the starting points,although number in itself is not ontology,it is ontological,and it is the initial force,elements,links and paths for ontology to unfold itself for other things and return to itself;number may not necessarily be manifested as a specific numeral,such as“having a number in one's mind”,yet it can also refer to the system,limits,rules,and paths,which represents the perception,experience and grasp of the system and limits.Just as the study of logarithms requires the application of phenomenology and ethics,the study of digital labor and the digital economy must also fully engage phenome⁃nology and ethics:the former aims to see the logic of facts,that is,how they are possible,and the latter gives value claims,namely,how they should get legitimacy.