论我国教育法法典化的宪法基础

On the Constitutional Basis for the Codification of China's Education Law

宪法对于我国教育法法典化的推进起着根本性、基础性的指导作用,为此需要通过法释义学的途径来建构教育法法典化的宪法基础。我国教育法法典化的宪法基础可以从四个维度来展开:历史叙事条款、国家目标条款、基本权利条款和政府职权条款。宪法序言以对教育事业建设整体成效进行历史叙事的方式,来奠定教育法法典化的社会基础与物质基础。宪法总纲中的国家目标条款通过设立教育发展整体目标的形式,起到统领教育法治实践以及教育法法典化进程的作用。基本权利条款彰显着现代立宪主义的核心精神,并以对公民教育权益全面保障的手段,来确立教育法法典化的权利基础。国家机构中的政府职权条款创设了国家教育权,并借由“国家义务—公民权利”的对应逻辑为教育法典责任体系的设置呈现宪法依据。上述四类宪法条款共同构筑了教育法法典化的宪法基础,为教育法典编纂工作的具体实施提供着源自于根本法层面的规范指引。

The Constitution plays a fundamental and basic guiding role for the advancement of codification of Educa⁃tion Law in China,and for this reason,it is necessary to construct the constitutional basis of codification of education law through the way of legal interpretation.The constitutional basis for the codification of Education Law in China can be devel⁃oped in four dimensions:the historical narrative clause,the national goals clause,the fundamental rights clause and the governmental authority clause.The preamble of the Constitution lays the social and material foundation for the codification of education law by providing a historical narrative of the overall effectiveness of the construction of education.The national goals clause in the general outline of the Constitution serves as a guide to the practice of education law and the process of codification of education law by establishing the overall goals of education development.The Fundamental Rights Clause is the core spirit of modern constitutionalism and establishes the rights basis for the codification of education law by providing comprehensive protection of citizens'rights and interests in education.The governmental authority clause of the state institu⁃tions creates the state's right to education and provides the constitutional basis for the establishment of a codified responsi⁃bility system for education through the logic of“state duty⁃citizenship”.These four types of constitutional provisions togeth⁃er constitute the constitutional basis for the codification of education law and provide the normative guidance for the imple⁃mentation of the codification of education law at the level of fundamental law.