贫困与非贫困大学生积极心理品质和心理健康的差异研究

Difference of positive psychological quality and mental health between poor and non-poor undergraduates

目的探讨贫困大学生与非贫困大学生的积极心理品质与积极心理健康关系的差异。方法采用系统抽样和随机抽样的方法,于2021年10—11月选取广东省4所大学的2502名学生(贫困生1295人,非贫困生1207人)作为被试,采用积极心理品质量表和青少年简版心理健康连续体量表(MHC-SF)对被试进行问卷调查。结果贫困大学生的积极心理品质量表总分显著高于非贫困大学生(P<0.05);贫困大学生在知识与智慧、勇气和自制3个维度上的得分均显著高于非贫困大学生(P<0.05);贫困大学生在好学、判断力、坚持、真诚、谦虚、宽容、自律、友善、感恩等9个因子上的得分均显著高于非贫困大学生(P<0.05)。贫困大学生与非贫困大学生的MHC-SF总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但贫困大学生在情绪幸福感和心理幸福感维度上的得分显著低于非贫困大学生(P<0.05)。贫困大学生及非贫困大学生的积极心理品质6个维度均与积极心理健康及其各维度呈正相关(P<0.05)。对贫困大学生与非贫困大学生的积极心理健康正向预测力最高的均为精神卓越这一维度,不同的是,除开精神卓越维度外,能正向预测贫困大学生积极心理健康的是正义维度,而能正向预测非贫困大学生积极心理健康的为仁爱维度。结论高校要重视疏导贫困大学生因家庭经济困难导致的情绪和心理问题,进一步提升贫困大学生的情绪幸福感和心理幸福感;还可以通过提高他们的精神卓越、知识与智慧、正义等积极心理品质来提升他们的积极心理健康水平,做到有针对性地开展心理健康教育工作。

Objective This paper aims to explore the difference of positive psychological quality and positive mental health between impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates.Methods A total of 2502 undergraduates(1295 impoverished undergraduates and 1207 non-impoverished undergraduates)from 4 universities in Guangdong Province were selected by systematic sampling and random sampling from October to November 2021.A positive psychological quality scale and Mental Health Continuum Short Form(MHC-SF)were used to investigate the participants.Results The total score of the positive psychological quality scale of impoverished undergraduates was significantly higher than that of non-impoverished undergraduates(P<0.05).The scores of impoverished undergraduates in three subscales:knowledge and wisdom,courage,and self-control were significantly higher than those of non-impoverished counterparts(P<0.05).The scores of impoverished undergraduates in nine factors(eagerness,judgment,persistence,sincerity,modesty,tolerance,self-discipline,friendliness,and gratitude)were significantly higher than those of non-impoverished undergraduates(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the MHC-SF total score between impoverished undergraduates and non-impoverished undergraduates(P>0.05),but the subscale scores of emotional and psychological well-being of impoverished undergraduates were significantly lower than those of non-impoverished undergraduates(P<0.05).The six dimensions of positive psychological quality of impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates were positively correlated with positive mental health and its dimensions(P<0.05).The most positive mental health prediction of impoverished and non-impoverished undergraduates is the dimension of mental excellence.The difference is that in addition to the dimension of mental excellence,it is the dimension of justice that can positively predict the positive mental health of impoverished undergraduates,while it is the dimension of benevolence that can positively predict the positive mental health of non-impoverished undergraduates.Conclusion Colleges and universities should pay attention to counseling the emotional and psychological problems caused by family economic difficulties of impoverished undergraduates,and further improve their emotional and psychological well-being.Moreover,institutions of higher learning can also improve their positive mental health levels by raising their mental excellence,knowledge and wisdom,justice,and other positive psychological quality dimensions to achieve targeted mental health education.