线上孕妇学校健教模式对高龄妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩恐惧及母婴结局的影响

Effect of online health education on delivery fear and maternal and fetal outcomes in elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨线上孕妇学校健教模式对高龄妊娠期糖尿病孕妇分娩恐惧及母婴结局的影响,以期为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2021年3—12月在南通大学附属妇幼保健院就诊的170例高龄妊娠期糖尿病孕妇为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将孕妇分为研究组与对照组,每组85例。对照组孕妇采用传统孕妇学校进行产前宣教,研究组孕妇采用线上孕妇学校健教模式进行产前宣教。比较2组孕妇干预前、分娩前分娩恐惧量表(CAQ)评分;比较2组孕妇分娩前血糖和体质量达标率;比较2组孕妇母婴结局。结果干预前,2组孕妇CAQ中对孩子健康的恐惧、对分娩时失去控制的恐惧、对疼痛伤害的恐惧、对医院干预与环境的恐惧评分及总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分娩前,2组孕妇CAQ中对孩子健康的恐惧、对分娩时失去控制的恐惧、对疼痛伤害的恐惧、对医院干预与环境的恐惧评分及总分低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组孕妇产前血糖和体质量达标率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组孕妇剖宫产、产后出血、新生儿窒息和新生儿低血糖发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论线上孕妇学校健教模式用于高龄妊娠期糖尿病孕妇产前干预,能减轻孕妇产前的分娩恐惧,提高孕妇血糖和体质量达标率,减少母婴不良结局的发生,值得推广应用。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of the online school health education mode on delivery fear and maternal and fetal outcomes in elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)to provide evidence for clinical treatment.Methods A total of 170 elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus who visited the Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nantong University from March to December 2021 were selected as the study participants.They were allocated to the study group and control group by random number table,with 85 cases in each group.The pregnant women in the control group received the conventional school for prenatal education,and the pregnant women in the study group received the online school health education model for prenatal education.The Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire(CAQ)scores before intervention and before delivery were compared between the two groups;the blood glucose and body weight compliance rates before delivery were compared between the groups;the maternal and fetal outcomes were compared between the groups.Results Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in subscale(fear of child health,fear of loss of control during delivery,fear of pain and injury,fear of hospital intervention and environment)and total scores between the two groups(P>0.05).Before delivery,subscale(fear of child health,fear of loss of control during delivery,fear of pain and injury,fear of hospital intervention and environment)and total scores in the CAQ of pregnant women in the 2 groups significantly dropped,and the study group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The compliance rate of prenatal blood glucose and body weight in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage,neonatal asphyxia and neonatal hypoglycemia in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Online school health education model for prenatal intervention of pregnant women in elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes can reduce prenatal delivery fear,improve maternal blood glucose and body weight compliance rate,and reduce the occurrence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.These advantages justify a wider generalization and application.