事与人:现代行政建构的不同路径

Things and Persons:Different Approaches to the Construction of Modern Administration

现代行政包含对事的治理与对人的治理两大维度。其中,对事的治理主要表现为以效率提升为目的来安排事与事间的关系,让整个行政体系基于有效处理事务的需要进行组织和开展活动;对人的治理主要表现为运用各种治理技术来认识人与人以及人与事间的关系,由此确定行政体系到底需要去做哪些事。在理论上,对人的治理构成了对事的治理的出发点和目的。但在西方,由于认识权力的集中化,现代行政变成了官僚行政,对人的治理则成了按照官僚逻辑来改造人的过程,要服务于对事的治理的目的。中国探索出了服务行政的新模式,希望通过人才政策这一创造技术来创造全面发展的个人,并在人的全面发展中促进社会的全面发展。

Modern administration consists of two major dimensions:governance of things and governance of persons.The governance of things focuses on improving efficiency by organizing the relationship between objects,allowing the administrative system to effectively handle tasks.On the other hand,the governance of persons involves using various techniques to understand the relationships between persons and between persons and things,thus determining the true needs of the administrative system.In theory,the governance of persons should be the starting point and purpose of the governance of things.However,in the West,modern administration has transformed into bureaucratic administration,where the governance of persons is a process of conforming individuals to bureaucratic logic to serve the goals of the governance of things.In contrast,China has explored a new model of service administration,aiming to cultivate fully developed individuals through innovative human resource policies and promote the comprehensive development of society alongside the comprehensive development of persons.