天线阵列近场FDA技术研究

Research on Near-Field FDA Technology in Antenna Arrays

频率分集阵(FDA)是近年来提出的一种阵列信号处理新技术,它能够形成具有距离-角度相关性特征的辐射合成波束,克服传统相控阵天线不能有效控制波束的距离-角度指向的难题,此外还有很多独特的应用优势,成为未来先进雷达发展的重要技术方向之一。本文在传统频率分集阵列研究的基础上,提出了适应天线阵列近场条件的FDA新数学算法,针对阵列近场条件,首先利用经典近场的菲涅尔近似以及新近提出基于差分迭代近似两种方法推导,得到近场FDA波束的不同表达新算法结构,其次针对新提出算法的数学关系式中距离、角度等关键参数特征分析,针对其中距离-角度耦合关系等深入讨论,再次开展数值计算和算法仿真对比,实验结果表明:新提出的算法解决了FDA近场条件使用的模型条件限制,算法较好地解释了近场时距离-角度参数非线性耦合或独立关系,可以较好地支撑未来天线阵列近场,FDA各种应用的深入分析与研究需要。

Frequency diverse array(FDA)is a new array signal processing technology in recent years.It can form radiating beam with range-angle independency,overcome the problem that the traditional phased array antenna can not effectively control the range and azimuth pointing of the beam,and has many unique application advantages.Firstly,by using the classical Fresnel approximation and the recently proposed differential iterative approximation,the new algo-rithm expressions of near-field FDA beam are obtained.Secondly,the characteristics of the key parameters such as dis-tance and azimuth in the mathematical relation of the new algorithm are analyzed,and the coupling relationship between distance and azimuth is deeply discussed.Thirdly,the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the condition limits of the model used by FDA in near-field,and better explain the near-field independent relations between distance and bearing parameters,which can support future near-field antenna array,the FDA in-depth analysis and study of various application needs well.