陀思妥耶夫斯基根基主义批评中的普希金叙事

Pushkin's Narration in Dostoevsky's Pochvennichestvo Criticism

作为根基主义运动的精神领袖,陀思妥耶夫斯基对诸多经典的俄国作家做出了极具有真知灼见的论述,其中以普希金批评最具有代表性。从根基主义民族文化审美意识出发,陀思妥耶夫斯基认为,普希金的文学创作,一方面描绘了俄罗斯民族个性中“最为迷人的和谐”,以及俄国精英知识分子突破西方思想迷雾,回归人民真理(根基)的复杂心路历程和巨大精神力量,另一方面又有力揭示了俄罗斯人区别于欧洲人的精神特殊性——全人类理想,即俄罗斯在实现“全人类兄弟般团结”上的道德优势。普希金因此是俄罗斯民族文化精神的伟大“预言家”。

As the spiritual leader of the Pochvennichestvo movement,Dostoyevsky has made a very insightful discussion on many classic Russian writers,among which his criticism on Pushkin is the most representative.From the perspective of the national cultural aesthetic consciousness,Dostoevsky argues Pushkin's literary creation depicts the"most fascinating harmony"of the Russian national character,as well as how the Russian elite intellectuals could break the western ideological fogs and achieve soul-returning to the truth of the people.At the same time Pushkin's literary creation reveals the particularity of Russians who are different from Europeans—the ideal of all mankind,that is,Russia's moral advantage in realizing the"fraternal unity of all mankind."Pushkin is therefore a great"prophet"of the Russian national cultural spirit.