“节制资本”与反垄断

"Moderating Capital"and Anti-Monopoly

社会主义必须节制私人资本,方法是公有制、市场准入等规制以及事业约束,目的是缩小贫富差距、缓和及避免经济危机、防止资本控制国家政权。反垄断旨在维护公平竞争、提高效率,其三大制度——反垄断协议、反滥用市场及其他优势、经营者集中审查,对于各种所有制的主体一律平等适用。垄断是市场行为,反垄断是政府行为,政府对市场行为的判断是外在且主观的。因此,反垄断不具有节制资本的功能,不仅不能强化反而应当谦抑。

Socialism must moderate private capital through public ownership,market access and other regulations and business constraints,with the purpose of narrowing the gap between rich and poor,alleviating and avoiding economic crises,and preventing capital from controlling state power.Anti-monopoly aims to maintain fair competition and improve efficiency.Its three major systems-anti-monopoly agreement,anti-abuse of market and other advantages,and review of concentration of operators,apply equally to entities of all kinds of ownership.Moreover,monopoly is market behavior,anti-monopoly is government action,and the government's judgment on market behavior is external and subjective.Therefore,anti-monopoly does not have the function of moderating capital.Not only cannot it be strengthened,but it should be modest.