外源氨基酸对葡萄产量、生长及品质的影响

Effects of Exogenous Amino Acids on Grape Yield,Growth and Quality

为探究氨基酸水溶肥对葡萄产量和品质的影响,以盛果期早黑宝葡萄为试验材料,设置3个处理:常规施肥(CK);增施有机肥(OPT);有机肥+氨基酸水溶肥处理(OPT+AA),研究外源氨基酸对葡萄产量、生长、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,OPT处理葡萄产量降低14.17%,OPT+AA处理葡萄产量降低7.50%,但均不显著。与CK相比,OPT、OPT+AA处理化肥偏生产力均显著增加,OPT+AA处理的N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O偏生产力分别显著增加73.44%,85.01%,85.01%;OPT+AA处理总糖显著增加8.09%,可溶性固形物显著增加1.32百分点,糖酸比显著增加38.80%,可滴定酸含量显著减少0.16百分点;OPT+AA处理新梢全磷含量显著增加24.73%,全钾含量显著增加24.73%。此外,OPT和OPT+AA处理并不会影响树体生长,且能够有效减少速效养分淋洗、提高植株根域养分含量。综上所述,通过化肥减施并增施有机肥对葡萄产量无显著影响,但可以减少速效养分的淋洗,显著提高化肥偏生产力;在增施有机肥的基础上增施氨基酸水溶肥能够促进树体养分吸收,提高葡萄产量,显著提升果实品质。

In order to explore the effects of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on grape yield and quality,the full-fruit Zaohebao grape was used as the experimental material,three treatments were set up:conventional fertilization(CK);increased application of organic fertilizer(OPT);organic fertilizer+amino acid water soluble fertilizer treatment(OPT+AA),the effects of exogenous amino acids on grape yield,growth,quality and soil nutrient content were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,grape yield decreased by 14.17%under OPT treatment and 7.50%under OPT+AA treatment,but were not significant.Compared with CK,partial productivity of fertilizer treated with OPT and OPT+AA increased significantly.Partial productivity of N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O treated with OPT+AA increased significantly by 73.44%,85.01%and 85.01%,respectively.OPT+AA significantly increased total sugar by 8.09%,soluble solids by 1.32 percentage,sugar-acid ratio by 38.80%,and the titratable acid content by 0.16 percentage.The nutrient content of shoots was significantly increased by 24.73%in OPT+AA,total phosphorus content and total potassium content were significantly increased by 24.73%.In addition,OPT and OPT+AA treatments did not inhibit plant growth,but could effectively reduce the leaching of available nutrients and increase the nutrient content in the root domain.In summary,reducing and increasing the application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on grape yield,but could reduce the leaching of available nutrients and significantly improve the partial productivity of fertilizer.The application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer could promote nutrient absorption in plants,improving grape yield and fruit quality.