空间集聚、产业多样化和企业创新:来自制造业上市公司的经验研究

Spatial Agglomeration,Industrial Diversification,and Enterprises’Innovation:An Empirical Study from Listed Manufacturing Companies

尽管多样化集聚带来的Jacobs外部性被认为是集聚对企业创新的重要影响渠道,但是多样化集聚对企业创新的作用机制依然有待发掘。在已有研究的基础上,本文以2006—2017年制造业上市公司为研究对象,从集聚地多样化产业之间的经济关联和技术关联来考察多样化集聚对企业创新的作用机制,实证发现:在其他条件既定的情况下,多样化集聚对于制造业企业创新具有显著的促进作用,但是这一集聚效应依赖于企业所在行业与其他行业之间的垂直产业关联度和产业技术相似度。具体而言,垂直产业关联度对多样化集聚效应的调节作用具有非对称性,前向产业关联度具有显著的抑制效应,而后向产业关联度具有显著的增强效应。而技术相似度对多样化集聚效应有显著的正向调节作用。异质性检验发现,创新资源获取能力更强的大企业、国有企业和高技术企业以及要素流动自由度更高的东部地区企业受到的调节作用更强。本文的研究为地方政府优化招商引资战略,真正发挥多样化产业集聚的正外部性具有政策启示意义。

Although Jacobs externally brought about by diversified industrial agglomeration is considered an important impact channel of agglomeration on enterprises’innovation,the mechanisms of diversified industrial agglomeration on enterprise innovation are still unclear.Based on existing researches,this article takes listed manufacturing companies from 2006 to 2017 as the research objects,and examines the mechanisms of diversification agglomeration on enterprise innovation from the perspectives of economic and technological connections between diversified industries.Empirical results show that diversification agglomeration has a significant positive effect on manufacturing enterprises innovation.However,this agglomeration effect depends on the vertical industry correlation and industrial technology similarity between the industry in which the enterprise is located and other industries.Specifically,the moderating effect of vertical industry correlation on diversified agglomeration effects is asymmetric,with forward industry correlation having a significant inhibitory effect and backward industry correlation having a significant amplified effect.The industrial technology similarity has a significant positive moderating effect on the diversification agglomeration effect.Heterogeneity testing found that large enterprises,state-owned enterprises,and high-tech enterprises with stronger access to innovative resources,as well as enterprises in the eastern region with higher mobility of innovation factors,are more affected by the regulatory effect.The research in this article has policy implications for local governments to optimize their investment strategies aimed at leveraging the positive externalities of diversified industrial clusters.