甘蔗亲本农艺性状评价与分析

Evaluation and Analysis on Agronomictraits of Sugarcane Parents

亲本是甘蔗常规杂交育种的物质基础,分析评价甘蔗亲本将有助于提高甘蔗育种效率。为了解广西甘蔗亲本特点,在广西农科院甘蔗研究所丁当试验基地对383个甘蔗亲本实施了两轮一年新植二年宿根评价试验。试验结果表明茎径、有效茎和锤度是相对较为稳定的性状,机械化收获的茎径、有效茎、甘蔗产量和锤重的性状均值、变异系数下降,调查性状亲本方差占比下降;随着种植年限延长,亲本方差占比有逐渐下降的趋势。广义遗传力分析表明锤度、茎径和有效茎属高遗传力性状,宿根发株数、甘蔗产量和锤重属中等偏高遗传力性状,株高属中等偏低遗传力性状。数据联合分析对高遗传力性状的广义遗传力提升更多。性状显著性影响因子查找发现亲本对所有性状产生显著影响,作物季、年度、试验对部分性状产生显著影响,月份主效应不存在;6个一级互作项对性状产生显著影响,其中亲本×试验对所有性状产生显著影响,主效应不存在的月份将通过亲本×月份和试验×月份对锤度产生显著影响。选育年代分析表明甘蔗亲本的宿根发株数、茎径和锤重不受影响;株高和有效茎从70年代至00年代呈现下降的趋势,导致甘蔗产量同样呈现下降趋势;锤度是分析性状中唯一从50年代以来随着选育年代递增而呈现明显上升的性状。宿根发株数、茎径、有效茎和锤度极显著地受到了亲本来源影响,而株高、甘蔗产量和锤重没有受到显著影响。不同来源亲本中,桂糖亲本和台糖亲本具有宿根发株少、有效茎数少、锤度较高的特点,粤糖亲本具有宿根发株数多、有效茎多的特点,CP亲本和Ho亲本具有宿根发株数相对较多、有效茎较多、茎径小和锤度高的特点。聚类分类表明测试亲本中以高糖中产类亲本和较高糖较高产类亲本为主;育种利用效果相对较好的是高糖中产类亲本。广西将来的育种工作需加强蔗糖分适中的高产材料选育和适应广西生态环境的高糖材料选育。

Parents are the material basis of sugarcane conventional cross breeding.Analyzing and evaluating sugarcane parents will help to improve sugarcane breeding efficiency.In order to understand the characteristics of sugarcane parents in Guangxi,two rounds of one-year plant+two-year ratoon evaluation tests including 383 sugarcane parents were conducted in Dingdang Experimental Base of Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that stalk diameter,millable cane and brix were relatively stable traits;under mechanized harvesting,the mean value and coefficient of variation of characters of stalk diameter,millable cane,cane yield and brix weight decreased,and the variance proportion of parents decreased for investigated traits;with the increasing of planting years,the variance proportion of parents decreased gradually.The analysis of broad sense heritability showed that brix,stalk diameter and millable cane were high heritability traits,stubble germination number,cane yield and brix weight were medium to high heritability traits,and plant height was medium to low heritability trait;joint analysis of data could improve broad sense heritability of high heritability traits more.The analysis of significant factors for traits was found that the parents had a significant influence on all traits,and crop cycle,year and trial were significantly for some traits,and the month had not main effect.Six primary interactions had significant effects on traits,and parents×trial had a significant effect on all traits,and the month which the main effect did not exist had a significant effect on the brix by parent×month and trial×month.The analysis of breeding period showed that the stubble germination number,stalk diameter and brix weight of sugarcane parents was not affected;the plant height and millable cane showed a downward trend from the 1970s to the 2000s,leading to a downward trend in cane yield;brix was the only trait that had increased significantly with the increasing years of breeding since the 1950s.The stubble germination number,stalk diameter,millable cane and brix were significantly affected by the source of parents,but plant height,cane yield and brix weight were not significantly affected.Among the parents from different sources,Guitang parents and Taitang parents had the characteristics of less stubble germination number,fewer millable canes and higher brix.Yuetang parents had the characteristics of higher stubble germination number and more millable canes.CP parents and Ho parents had the characteristics of higher stubble germination number,more millable canes,smaller stalk diameter and higher brix.The cluster classification showed that the tested parents were mainly high sugar with medium cane yield parents and higher sugar with high cane yield parents;the high sugar with medium cane yield parents were better for breeding.In the future sugarcane breeding in Guangxi,it is necessary to strengthen selecting materials for high cane yield with moderate sucrose content and the high sugar materials which adapted to Guangxi􀆳s ecological environment.