中国社会经济与环境协调发展的可持续减贫模式

Sustainable poverty reduction models for the coordinated development of the social economy and environment in China

过去几十年里,中国在贫困地区实施了大量的减贫措施,贫困地区的基础设施和居民的生活水平得到了极大地改善.中国的贫困地区与生态保护区和脆弱区高度重叠,而贫困地区社会经济发展与环境之间的协调关系仍然没有得到充分认识.本研究提出了一个包含社会经济和生态环境维度的区县水平指标体系,揭示了贫困地区社会经济和环境的时空变化模式,并评估了它们之间的协调发展关系.研究表明,2000-2020年,中国贫困地区社会经济和环境的协调发展指数得到了加强.同时,在社会经济指数以58.4%的增长率实现增长的同时,环境指数也有明显改善,增长率为19.6%.贫困地区在社会经济发展方面与非贫困地区仍然有较大差距,但贫困地区在环境指数方面表现较好.得益于中国的地理多样性,本文确定了有利有效性、持续性、周期性和有限有效性四种减贫模式,可以为世界其他地区在应对减贫和环境保护方面的挑战提供参考.

Sustainable development in impoverished areas is still a global challenge owing to trade-offs between development and conservation.There are large poverty-stricken areas(PSAs)in China,which overlap highly with ecologically sensitive areas.China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty over the years.The coordinated relationship between the social economy and the environment in PSAs,however,remains under-recognized.This study developed a county-level index system encompassing the socioeconomic and environmental sectors of China’s PSAs.The integrated indexes of the two sectors were developed to reveal the spatial–temporal socioeconomic and environmental patterns and coupling coordination degree(CCD)levels were calculated to assess the coordinated relationships between them.The CCD indicated the increasingly coordinated development of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in China’s PSAs from 2000 to 2020.Meanwhile,although the socioeconomic index achieved considerable growth with a growth rate of 58.4%,the environmental index was mildly improved with a growth rate of 19.6%,instead of a reduction.PSAs still have a large gap in socioeconomic development compared to nonpoor areas;however,PSAs perform better in environmental index.Overall,the increased coordinated development between the social economy and the environment from 2000 to 2020 can be attributed to China’s long-term,large-scale,and targeted interventions in poverty reduction and environmental conservation.Further,benefiting from the geodiversity of China,we identified four poverty reduction models which include advantageously,sustained,periodic,and limited effective models,on the basis of CCD change patterns.The four models can provide valuable experience for the rest of the world in tackling similar trade-offs of poverty reduction and environmental challenges.