国产鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、肝脏健康及肠道屏障的影响

Effects of replacing fish meal with domestic poultry by-product meal on growth,liver health and intestinal barrier of Micropterus salmoides

为评价鸡肉粉替代鱼粉的可行性,用不同水平国产鸡肉粉(PBM)等蛋白替代基础饲料中的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮等脂的实验饲料(对照组、PBM 12.5、PBM 25.0、PBM 37.5及PBM 50.0),在室内循环系统饲喂初始体重为(9.25±0.13) g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示,各处理组大口黑鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和摄食率(FR)均无显著差异。同对照组相比,实验组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增加,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低。随鸡肉粉替代水平的增加,肝脏抗炎细胞因子基因(IL-10、TGF-β)相对表达量显著上调,而促炎细胞因子基因(IL-8、TNF-α)相对表达量显著下调,但肝脏的组织结构无显著临床症状变化。此外,随替代水平的增加,肠道抗氧化基因(sod、cat)和肠道紧密连接蛋白基因(Occludin、ZO-1和Claudin-1)相对表达量也显著上调,而血清D-乳酸(D-lac)和脂多糖(LPS)含量显著降低。研究表明,鸡肉粉替代基础饲料(基础饲料中含有40%的鱼粉) 50%的鱼粉不会抑制大口黑鲈的生长,同时还会增强鱼体的抗氧化能力和免疫力,进而改善大口黑鲈的肝脏和肠道健康。因此,鸡肉粉可作为大口黑鲈饲料的优质蛋白源。本研究可为合理利用肉粉提供理论依据,同时为肉粉相关标准的制定提供数据支持。

Animal protein is an indispensable source in the feed of carnivorous fish.Fish meal,as a high-quality animal protein,has high price and limited source due to the adverse impact of resources,storage and recent international situation.Because of its rich nutritional value,high digestibility,balanced amino acids and high biological conversion rate,poultry by-product meal has attracted much attention from the animal protein source production market.Therefore,the application effect of poultry by-product meal in the feed of Micropterus salmoides was systematically evaluated in order to understand the quality and safety of domestic poultry by-product meal,and to provide a theoretical basis for rational use of meat meal.To evaluate the feasibility of replacing fish meal with poultry by-product meal,five isonitrogen-isolipid experimental diets(control,PBM 12.5,PBM 25.0,PBM 37.5,PBM 50.0)were formulated.M.salmoides[initial body weight(9.25±0.13)g]was fed the system for 8 weeks.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR)and feeding ratio(FR)of each group during the breeding period of M.salmoides.Compared with the control group,the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and catalase(CAT)of all experimental groups in liver were significantly increased,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly decreased.With the increase of replacement level,the relative expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-10,TGF-β)in liver were significantly up-regulated,while the relative expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-8,TNF-a)were significantly down-regulated,but had no significant effect on the clinical symptoms of liver tissue structure.In addition,with the increase of replacement level,the relative expression levels of intestinal antioxidant genes(sod and cat)and intestinal tight junction protein genes(Occludin,ZO-1 and Claudin-1)were significantly up-regulated,while the contents of D-lactate(D-lac)and lipopolaccharide(LPS)in serum were significantly decreased.In conclusion,replacing 50%fish meal with poultry by-product meal in the basal diet(40%fish meal)did not inhibit the growth of largemouth bass,but also it can enhance the antioxidant capacity and immunity of fish,and improve the liver and intestinal health of M.salmoides.Therefore,poultry by-product meal can be used as a high quality protein source for M.salmoides feed.