摘要
为探讨短期禁食提升池塘养殖鱼类食用品质的技术可行性,以3个邻近池塘养殖的商品草鱼为对象,分别转移至另一个池塘的3个网箱中,进行21 d短期禁食。每间隔7 d采集3个池塘来源的草鱼,并将鱼体分割为A、B、C、D共4个身段,采集其肌肉样品,对肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和糖原含量进行定量分析。结果显示,禁食7 d时,不同身段肌肉营养物质含量即发生改变,14 d时粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量变化较大,其中尾部(C、D段)的粗蛋白含量有显著增加的趋势;而10号池塘来源的草鱼A段粗脂肪含量在14和21 d分别比0 d减少了22.60%和17.07%,B、D段分别在7、14和21 d比0 d减少了7.50%、19.41%、12.61%和28.83%、36.68%、13.49%,17号池塘来源的的草鱼A、C和D段在7 d后显著增加,B段在7、14和21 d比0 d分别减少了26.76%、58.41%和62.90%,D段在7和14 d比0 d分别减少了1.52%和22.58%。3个池塘来源的草鱼肌糖原含量(C、D段)有显著增加的趋势。采集草鱼身体B段背部肌肉样品,测定其肌肉系水力、肌肉质构特性和组织切片,发现10号池塘来源的草鱼在14 d时,背肌的滴水损失率无显著差异,17号池塘来源的草鱼背肌的滴水损失率在14 d时显著高于0 d,18号池塘来源的草鱼背肌的滴水损失率在14 d均有下降趋势。3个池塘来源的草鱼B段肌肉随禁食时间的延长,硬度下降,肌肉弹性增加,咀嚼性在14 d前呈逐渐增加趋势,内聚性则逐渐增加。禁食过程中背部肌纤维(肌细胞)密度增加、肌纤维之间的间隙减小,肌肉硬度随禁食时间的延长逐渐下降,而弹性、咀嚼性表现为逐渐增加的趋势。研究表明,短期禁食可以改变草鱼肌肉的食用品质,综合实验结果以禁食14 d的时长为最佳。本研究结果为改善池塘养殖鱼类食用品质提供了科学依据。
The demand for aquatic products has grown recently,and consumers are more concerned with the safety and quality of fish meat for consumption.This paper will explore the technical feasibility of short-term fasting to improve the food quality of pond cultured fish,commercial Ctenopharyngodon idella cultured in three adjacent ponds were taken as the objects and transferred to three cages in another pond for 21 days of short-term fasting.C.idella from three ponds were collected every seven days,and the fish body was divided into four body segments A,B,C and D muscle samples were collected for quantitative analysis of muscle moisture,crude protein,crude lipid and glycogen content.The results showed that the nutrient content of muscle of different body segments changed after fasting for 7 days,and the crude protein content and crude lipid content changed significantly after fasting for 14 days,and the crude protein content of tail(C and D segments)increased significantly;The crude lipid content of a segment of C.idella from No.10 pond was 22.60%and 17.07%lower than that of 0 d on 14 and 21 days,respectively.The crude lipid content of B and D segments was 7.50%,19.41%,12.61%and 28.83%,36.68%,13.49%lower than that of 0 d on 7,14 and 21 days,respectively.The crude lipid content of A,C and D segments of C.idella from No.17 pond was significantly increased after 7 days.The crude lipid content of B segment was 26.76%,58.41%and 62.90%lower than that of 0 d on 7,14 and 21 days,respectively.The crude lipid content of D segment was 1.52%and 22.58%lower than that of 0 d on 7 and 14 days,respectively.The glycogen content(C,D segments)of C.idella muscle from three ponds showed a significant increase trend.The back muscle samples of C.idella were collected,and the water power,muscle texture characteristics and tissue sections of the muscle system were measured.It was found that there was no significant difference in the drip loss rate of the back muscle of C.idella from pond 10 on day 14,the drip loss rate of the back muscle of C.idella from pond 17 on day 14 was significantly higher than that of day O,and the drip loss rate of the back muscle of C.idella from pond 18 on day 14 had a downward trend.With the extension of fasting time,the hardness of the B segment muscle of C.idella from three ponds decreased,and the muscle elasticity increased.Chewiness increased gradually before 14 days,while cohesion increased gradually.During fasting,the density of back muscle fibers(muscle cells)increased,the gap between muscle fibers decreased,and the muscle hardness gradually decreased with fasting time,while the elasticity and chewiness showed a gradual increase trend.The results showed that short-term fasting could change the eating quality of C.idella muscle,and the best experimental result was fasting for 14 days.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the food quality of pond cultured fish.
作者
张玮岚
叶元土
杜瑞雪
肖旭全
王卓君
殷永风
ZHANG Weilan;YE Yuantu;DU Ruixue;XIAO Xuquan;WANG Zhuojun;YIN Yongfeng(School of Biology&Basic Medical Sciences,Soochow Untiversity,Suzhou 215123,China;Key Laboraton of Aquatic Animal Nutrtion,Suzhou 215123,China;Hua Cheng Aquatic Industry Co.Ltd,Yancheng 224000,China)
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期182-194,共13页
Journal of Fisheries of China
关键词
草鱼
禁食
肌肉营养组成
肌肉系水力
肌肉质构
Ctenopharyngodon idella
fasting
muscle nutrient composition
muscle hydrodynamics
muscular texture