入侵植物三叶鬼针草对4种果树叶片浸提液的化感及其自感响应

Allelopathy and Self-sensing Response of Invasive Plant Bidens pilosa to Leaf Extracts of Four Kinds of Fruit Tree

为探究4种常见果树核桃(Juglans regia)、桃(Amygdalus persica)、石榴(Punica granatum)、柿(Diospyros kaki)叶片及入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)植株(地上部分)对三叶鬼针草的化感作用,采用生物测定法,研究4种果树叶片及三叶鬼针草植株浸提液在4个质量浓度(0、0.005、0.025、0.05 g·mL-1)梯度下对三叶鬼针草种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,石榴叶浸提液各质量浓度对受体植物三叶鬼针草种子萌发具有不同程度的抑制作用,且抑制作用具有浓度效应,而对其幼苗生长的化感效应则表现为“低促高抑”;三叶鬼针草种子的发芽指数、发芽势、幼苗根长受到高质量浓度(0.05 g·mL^(-1))柿叶、核桃叶、三叶鬼针草、桃叶浸提液的抑制;除0.05 g·mL^(-1)高质量浓度的石榴叶浸提液外,其他质量浓度的各树种叶浸提液均对三叶鬼针草幼苗鲜质量和干质量产生促进作用或不显著抑制作用。通过综合化感效应值分析可知,三叶鬼针草种子萌发与幼苗生长对5种供体植物浸提液化感作用的敏感度依次为:桃叶>石榴叶>柿叶>三叶鬼针草>核桃叶。总体来看,5种供体植物浸提液中含有干扰三叶鬼针草种子萌发与幼苗生长的化感物质,但效应因浸提液浓度、化感物质种类、受体植物的不同生长阶段和不同部位而异。相比较而言,桃叶和石榴叶浸提液对受体植物的综合抑制作用较强,在三叶鬼针草防治上具有较大的开发利用潜力。

In order to explore the allemotic effects of four kinds of common fruit tree Juglans regia,Amygdalus persica,Punica granatum,Diospyros kaki leaf and invasive plant Bidens pilosa(above ground part)on Bidens pilosa,bioassays were used to study the effect of extracts of this four kinds of fruit tree leaves and Bidens pilosa plants under four mass concentration gradients(0,0.005,0.025,0.05 g·mL^(-1))on seed germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa.The results showed that Punica granatum leaf extract had different degrees of inhibition effect on seed germination of recipient plants at various mass concentrations,and the inhibition effect had a concentration effect,and the allelopathic effect on the growth of recipient plant seedlings showed as“it was promoted when the concentration quality was low and it was inhibited when the concentration quality was high”.The germination index,germination potential and root growth of the seeds of Bidens pilosa L.were inhibited by high-quality concentration(0.05 g·mL^(-1))Diospyros kaki leaf,Juglans regia leaf,Bidens pilosa and Amygdalus persica leaf extract;Except for the 0.05 g·mL^(-1)high-quality concentration of Punica granatum leaf extract,other different concentrations of different types of leaves of each tree species had a promoting effect or no significant inhibitory effect on the fresh and dry mass of Bidens pilosa seedlings.Through the comprehensive allelopathy effect value analysis,it could be seen that the sensitivity of seed germination,seedling growth of Bidens pilosa to the leaching liquefaction of five donor plants at high-quality concentrations was as follows:Amygdalus persica leaf>Punica granatum leaf>Diospyros kaki leaf>Bidens pilosa>Juglans regia leaf.Overall,the five donor plant extracts contained allelopathic substances that interfered with seed germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa,but the effects varied depending on the concentration of the extract,the type of allelopathic substance,the different growth stages and different parts of the recipient plant.In contrast,the comprehensive inhibition effect of Amygdalus persica leaf and Punica granatum leaf extract on the recipient plant was the strongest,and it had great potential for development and utilization in the prevention and control of Bidens pilosa.