基于QRA的多米诺效应在化工园区的应用

Application of QRA-Based Domino Effect in Chemical Parks

提出了基于QRA的多米诺效应的应用方法。以某化工园区为例,用于评估其整体安全风险。结果表明,可燃物料泄漏扩散发生蒸汽云爆炸超压影响周边企业较小,引发其他企业内的二次多米诺事故可能性较小;可燃物料泄漏后发生喷射火,如无建筑外墙等防护措施,会引发临近企业设备的次生多米诺效应;液氨、液氯、硫化氢、溴素、乙胺和氟化氢等毒性物料,扩散距离相对较远,产生的灾害范围比较广,容易引发次生多米诺效应。液氨、液化气等物料液体膨胀蒸气爆炸产生的碎片抛射距离较远,有可能会引发次生多米诺事故,危害极大。企业应制定相应的应急响应计划,以降低多米诺效应带来的风险。评估结果可提升园区安全与应急管理能力、事故预防与控制技术水平。

AQRA-based application method for domino effect is proposed.Take a chemical industry park as an example to assess its overall safety risk.The results show that the steam cloud explosion overpressure caused by the leakage and diffusion of combustible materials has less impact on the surrounding enterprises,and it is less likely to cause secondary domino accidents in other enterprises.If there is no protective measures such as building external walls,the jet fire after the leakage of combustible materials will cause a secondary domino effect of adjacent enterprise equipment;Toxic materials such as liquid ammonia,liquid chlorine,hydrogen sulfide,bromine,ethylamine and hydrogen fluoride spread relatively far,resulting in a wide range of disasters,and easy to trigger secondary domino effect.The debris produced by liquid expanding vapor explosion of liquid ammonia,liquefied gas and other materials is thrown far away,which may cause secondary domino accident and great harm.Enterprises should develop appropriate emergency response plans to reduce the risk of domino effects.The evaluation results can improve the park's safety and emergency management capabilities,accident prevention and control technology level.