我国农作物收入保险:深层理解、卡点难题与发展思路

Crop Income Insurance in China:Deep Understanding,Difficulties and Development Ideas

收入保险是一种保障农业收入的创新型产品。当前,国内农作物收入保险政策热度逐渐升高、产品种类日益增多、试点范围不断扩大,但仍处于制度不明确、模式不固定、机制不成熟的发展摸索期,且面临诸多难题与挑战。对此,首先通过对农作物收入保险的深层理解,明确了其典型特征、核心内容、风险对冲、角色定位等核心要义。其次分析了我国农作物收入保险发展面临的卡点难题,技术方面表现在目标价格锁定难、产量测定基差风险大、定价模型不标准,业务方面表现在中央财政如何补贴、大灾风险如何分散、配套设施如何建设、与其他政策如何配合。最后从明确角色定位、把握适应性边界、强化政策扶持、制定标准模型、加强配套建设、完善再保险体系、做好绩效考核七个方面提出了中国特色农作物收入保险的发展思路。

Income insurance is an innovative product that ensures agricultural income.At present,the popularity of domestic crop income insurance policies is gradually increasing,the variety of products is increasing,and the pilot scope is constantly expanding.However,it is still in a period of development exploration with unclear systems,unstable models,and immature mechanisms,and faces many difficulties and challenges.Firstly,through a deep understanding of crop income insurance,its typical characteristics,core content,risk hedging,and role positioning have been clarified.Secondly,it analyzed the checkpoint challenges faced by the development of crop income insurance in China.In terms of technology,it is difficult to lock in target prices,there is a high risk of yield measurement basis,and the pricing model is not standardized.In terms of business,it is manifested in how the central government subsidizes,how to disperse major disaster risks,how to construct supporting facilities,and how to cooperate with other policies.Finally,the development ideas of crop income insurance with Chinese characteristics are proposed from seven aspects:clarifying the role positioning,grasping the adaptive boundary,strengthening policy support,formulating Standard Model,strengthening supporting construction,improving the reinsurance system,and doing a good job in performance assessment.