从工科大学走向理工大学:20世纪60年代浙江大学建设科技大学计划的挫折与转折

From Engineering University to University of Science&Technology

改革苏联工程教育模式,建设高水平大学是20世纪50年代中期以后中国高等教育的主要课题,浙江大学于1960年提出的建设以尖端前沿研究和拔尖创新人才培养为目标导向的“科技大学”计划即是其中一例。它是在国家战略引导、地方政策推动及高校追求改变其发展生态等多重因素共同作用下形成的,但由于其过高的目标设定、过急的操作步骤以及薄弱的发展基础等因素影响而中途夭折。不过,科技大学计划实施期间,借助理科推动尖端专业发展的宝贵经验,学校办学者深刻体验到建设理科对发展工科的支撑作用,由此逐渐主动扬弃单一专科的苏联工程教育模式,开始有意识地探索理工结合的新的高等教育发展道路。

Reforming the Soviet engineering education model and exploring a new way of building high-level university is the key objectives for Chinese higher education since the mid-1950s.In 1960,Zhejiang University put forward the plan of building a top-class technological university.The plan is formed under the joint action of multiple factors such as the guidance of national strategy,the promotion of local policy and Zhejiang University's own positive will.Later,the plan failed.Based on the failure experience,the leaders of Zhejiang University realized that science can improve the level of engineering,and expand the academic influence of the university.After the plan of building top-class technological universities,Chinese technological universities tend to reform the Soviet engineering education model,and began to explore a new path of higher education development combining science and engineering.