乡村生活空间的概念模型与转型研究框架

Conceptual model of rural life space and transformation research framework

城乡发展不平衡、乡村发展不充分是新时期社会主要矛盾的突出表现,城乡融合发展和乡村振兴战略的实施加剧了乡村生活空间的转型。已有的乡村生活空间研究缺少对多元空间和混杂主体的关注,不利于复原乡村生活空间的转型特征与内在机理。沿循乡村生活空间的概念模型—转型特征—影响机理的逻辑思路,在构建乡村生活空间概念模型的基础上,提出乡村生活空间转型的研究框架。主要结论如下:(1)乡村生活空间是乡村居民居住并进行就业、消费、休闲等主要日常活动而形成的空间聚合体。基于“乡村空间三元模型”,乡村生活空间包括宏观的物质生活空间、中观的社会生活空间和微观的日常活动空间,即乡村生活空间概念模型是多层尺度、多元空间和多维主体的构成。(2)在全球化、城镇化、工业化、市场化等外源驱动和乡村内生响应因素的作用下,政策、资本、技术、人口、文化等要素在城乡间快速流动,乡村生活空间加剧转型,乡村物质生活空间、乡村社会生活空间、乡村日常活动空间等多元空间的转型度及其之间的协调性关系揭示乡村生活空间的转型过程与格局。(3)乡村生活空间多层尺度的传导机制、多边空间的交互作用、多维主体的混杂效应等三个方面共同构成乡村生活空间的转型机理。以多元空间认知为切入点的乡村生活空间转型研究有助于丰富当前中国乡村地理学的理论视角,为乡村空间治理与城乡融合发展提供科学借鉴。

It has been increasingly recognized that rural life space is playing an important role in the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in China.The imbalance between urban and rural development and insufficient rural development are the prominent manifestations of the main contradictions in society in the new era,and the urban-rural integration development and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy have intensified the transformation of rural life space.The current rural life space research lacks attention to multiple spaces and mixed subjects,which is not conducive to restoring the transformation characteristics and internal mechanisms of rural life space,and it is difficult to put forward corresponding countermeasures for rural spatial governance.This study aims to propose a research framework for rural life space transformation based on the conceptual model,followed by the transformation characteristics and influencing mechanism of rural life space.The results are as follows:(1)Rural life space is a spatial complexity composed of rural residents'activity space,including housing,working,consuming,and leisure spaces.Based on the three-fold model,rural life space can be divided into three subspaces:physical life space at the macro level,social life space at the meso level,and daily activities space at the micro level.In this respect,the three-fold model features rural life space as multi-level,multilateral,multi-agent spaces.(2)Under the effect of exogenous drivers such as globalization,urbanization,industrialization and marketization and their endogenous response factors of rural areas,government policies,capital,technology,population,culture and other factors are mobilizing drastically between urban and rural areas,giving rise to the transformation of rural life space.Furthermore,we introduced the transformation degree to analyze the coordination relations between physical life space,social life space,and daily activities space,which orients to uncovering the process and spatial pattern of rural life space transformation.(3)For the rural life space transformation mechanism,we propose three aspects,including multi-level spatial conduction,the interaction effects between multilateral spaces,and the hybrid effects from rural agents.The study on the transformation of rural life space with multiple spatial cognition as the starting point will help enrich the theoretical perspective of rural geography in China,and provide scientific reference for the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.