认知规范、行动决策与公益后果--基于公益人“价值—利益”双目标的行动分析

Cognitive Norms,Action Decisions,and Public Welfare Consequences:Action Analysis Based on the Dual Goals of“Value-Interest” of Welfare Workers

本文揭示了公益人双偏好动机差异对流动儿童福利的影响,并区分了可能导致公益供给与受助者需求偏离的行动逻辑:其一,资源引导逻辑下的偏离,即当组织资源短缺、专业积累不足,且对服务对象价值投射较低时,公益人倾向于在资源最大化动机下提供服务,从而导致服务对象分散化,或是频繁变更服务对象;其二,价值导向逻辑下的偏离,即当资源有限、有一定的专业积累,且公益人对服务特定对象群体有着强烈的价值诉求时,更可能倾向于按照个人的价值偏好提供服务,从而导致偏离受助者的基本需求;其三,专业锁定逻辑下的偏离,即当组织资源条件优越且专业程度极高,但公益人的价值目标相对模糊时,容易造成公益供给的服务对象边界模糊化,或是将专业目标的实现过程视为受助者需求的满足过程。

This paper introduces the“value-interest”dual-goal action perspective,different from the resource endowment determinism employed by other researchers,to reveal the impact of the dualpreference motivation of welfare workers on the welfare of migrant children and distinguishes three dominant logics that may deviate public welfare provision from the demand of recipients.First is the deviation under the logic of resource guidance.When the organization is short of resources,has insufficient professional accumulation,and projects low value to the service recipients,welfare workers will provide services under the motivation of resource maximization,which will lead to diversification of the service recipients or frequent changes of service recipients.Second is the deviation under the logic of value guidance.When the organization lacks sufficient resources,has some professional accumulation,and has a strong value demand for serving specific target groups,welfare workers are more likely to provide services according to their own values,leading to a deviation from the recipients'basic needs.Third is the deviation under the logic of professional lock-in.When the organization has superior resources and a high degree of professionalism,while the welfare workers'value goal is relatively vague,it may blur the boundaries of target groups or transform the process of realizing the professional goal into a cycle of fulflling the recipients'needs.This paper will propose optimization solutions for the“supplydemand”deviation based on the above analysis.